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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 160 women in the study cohort (N (%) or median [interquartile range], as appropriate)

From: Unexpected random urinary protein:creatinine ratio results–limitations of the pyrocatechol violet-dye method

 

N = 160 women

Maternal characteristics

 

Maternal age (yr)

34 [31–37]

Primiparous

75 (46.9%)

Multiple pregnancy

5 (3.1%)

Pregnancy characteristics at the time of urine sampling

 

Outpatient

131 (81.9%)

N samples collected before 1300 hours

128 (80%)

Gestational age when urine sample taken

24 [20–32]

On antihypertensive therapy

31 (19.4%)

Hypertensive disorder at sampling

61 (38.1%)

 Pre-existing hypertension only

25 (15.6%)

 Pre-existing hypertension with baseline proteinuria

3 (1.9%)

 Gestational hypertension without dipstick proteinuria

19 (11.9%)

 Pre-eclampsia (including HELLP syndrome)

14 (8.8%)

Medical co-morbidities other than hypertension

 

 Women with one/more co-morbidity

60 (37.5%)

 Women with two or more co-morbidities

21 (13.1%)

Specific co-morbidities (N women)

 

 Diabetes (pre-gestational or gestational)

16 (10%)

 Pre-existing kidney disease*

8 (5%)

 Other co-morbidities

47 (29.4%)

Pregnancy outcome after urine sampling (N =  112 women with known pregnancy outcome)

 

Delivery at BCWH or post-partum follow-up

112 (70%)

Not known or lost to follow-up

48 (30%)

Miscarriage or elective termination

4 (3.6%)

Stillbirth

1 (0.9%)

Placental abruption or other APH

3 (2.8%)

Preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes

4 (3.7%)

Chorioamnionitis

1 (0.9%)

Gestational age at delivery (wk)

38 [37–39]

 Delivery at <37 wk

17 (15.7%)

Caesarean section

52 (48.1%)

Small for gestational age infants

19 (17.6%)

Neonatal intensive care unit admission

12 (11.1%)

  1. APH (antepartum haemorrhage), BCWH (British Columbia Women’s Hospital and Health Centre), HELLP (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet) syndrome.
  2. * No women had acute kidney injury. All eight women with chronic kidney disease were outpatients. Their serum creatinines ranged from 48-207 μM with only one woman having a pre-recruitment serum creatinine >90 μM.
  3. † Other medical co-morbidities included the following (N women): thyroid disorders (15), systemic lupus erythematosus (6) or another connective issue disorder (4), depression (5), anemia (4), antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (3), polycystic ovarian syndrome (2), multiple sclerosis (2), immune thrombocytopenia (2), Raynaud’s (2), diabetes insipidus (1), hypercholesterolemia (1), biliary colic (1), deep vein thrombosis (1), polycythemia vera (1), polymyositis (1), scleroderma (1), pulmonary fibrosis (1), Addison’s disease (1), Crohn’s disease (1), celiac disease (1), histiocytosis (1), hepatitis B (1), hyperaldosteronism (1), asymptomatic bacteriuria (1), and/or solitary kidney (1).