Safety and efficacy of a lifestyle intervention for pregnant women to prevent excessive maternal weight gain: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention in the control versus the intervention group

Variable	Control	Intervention	Absolute effect size (95% CI)	p value^a)	Adjusted effect size (95% CI)	Adjusted p value^b)
Gestational weight gain	n = 74	n = 152
Total weight gain (kg)	15.6 ± 5.8	14.1 ± 4.1	−1.4 (−2.7 to −0.1)	0.035	−1.7 (−3.0 to −0.3)	0.049
Women with excessive GWG (>IOM)	44 (59.5)	58 (38.2)	0.4 (0.2 to 0.7)	0.003	0.5 (0.3 to 0.9)	0.032
Women with inadequate GWG (<IOM)	14 (18.9)	32 (21.1)	1.1 (0.6 to 2.3)	0.709	1.0 (0.5 to 2.1)	0.973
Weight retention - 4th month pp	n = 72	n = 152
Time of investigation (days pp)	123 (119–129)	123 (121–128)
Weight retention (kg)	3.3 ± 5.1	2.1 ± 4.3	−1.1 (−2.4 to 0.2)	0.090	−1.4 (−2.7 to −0.2)	0.070
Women retaining > 5 kg	22 (30.6)	26 (17.1)	0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)	0.024	0.5 (0.2 to 0.9)	0.034

GWG = Gestational weight gain, IOM = Institute of Medicine, pp = postpartum.
Data are given as means ± SD, median (interquartile range) or number (%).
Effect sizes from regression models: Continuous variables as estimated marginal mean difference (95% CIs) and categorized variables as odds ratios (95% CIs).
a) Unadjusted analysis.
b) Linear or generalized linear mixed model adjusted for cluster (random factor), age and prepregnancy BMI (in analysis of total weight gain and weight retention) / prepregnancy BMI category (in analysis of excessive/inadequate GWG).

ISSN: 1471-2393