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Table 4 Attitudes to target behaviours, quality of life and mental health assessment

From: Developing a complex intervention for diet and activity behaviour change in obese pregnant women (the UPBEAT trial); assessment of behavioural change and process evaluation in a pilot randomised controlled trial

Attitudes to target behaviours

Control

Intervention

Treatment effect

Barriers

    

Diet

Baseline

2.49 (0.58)

2.37 (0.61)

 
 

28 weeks

2.45 (0.58)

2.14 (0.68)

−0.18 (−0.35 to 0.00)

Physical activity

Baseline

2.64 (0.55)

2.48 (0.63)

 
 

28 weeks

2.47 (0.50)

2.20 (0.61)

−0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)

Perceived benefits

    

Diet

Baseline

3.75 (0.72)

3.80 (0.64)

 
 

28 weeks

3.79 (0.67)

3.97 (0.80)

0.13 (−0.10 to 0.36)

Physical activity

Baseline

3.94 (0.70)

4.04 (0.54)

 
 

28 weeks

3.84 (0.60)

4.06 (0.69)

0.17 (−0.04 to 0.38)

Confidence

    

Diet

Baseline

3.78 (0.75)

3.84 (0.64)

 
 

28 weeks

3.71 (0.72)

3.85 (0.81)

0.11 (−0.15 to 0.37)

Physical activity

Baseline

3.76 (0.88)

3.92 (0.81)

 
 

28 weeks

3.77 (0.88)

3.81 (1.06)

−0.05 (−0.40 to 0.30)

Quality of life (EQ-5D)

 

Control

Intervention

Treatment effect

n: baseline, 28 weeks

 

n = 87, 75

n = 94, 80

 

Numbers reporting problems

   

Mobility

Baseline

10 (11%)

11 (12%)

 
 

28 weeks

21 (28%)

25 (31%)

4% (−10 to 18)

Change (all women)

  

19% (11 to 27)

Self-care

Baseline

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

 
 

28 weeks

3 (4%)

3 (4%)

−0.3% (−6 to 6)

Change (all women)

  

4% (0 to 8)

Usual activities

Baseline

16 (18%)

13 (14%)

 
 

28 weeks

26 (34%)

26 (33%)

−1% (−15 to 12)

Change (all women)

  

16% ( 8 to 24)

Pain & discomfort

Baseline

38 (43%)

34 (36 %)

 
 

28 weeks

45 (60%)

54 (67%)

10% (−1 to 22)

Change (all women)

  

25% (17 to 34)

Anxiety & depression

Baseline

22 (25%)

20 (21%)

 
 

28 weeks

11 (15%)

17 (21%)

5% (−4 to 15)

Change (all women)

  

−6% (−14 to 1)

TTO score

Baseline

0.85 (0.18)

0.88 (0.14)

 
 

28 weeks

0.79 (0.24)

0.79 (0.16)

−0.03 (−0.07 to 0.02)

Change (all women)

  

−0.08 (−0.10 to −0.06)

VAS (0 to 100)

Baseline

76 (20)

76 (21)

 
 

28 weeks

75 (21)

78 (21)

4 (−3 to 10)

Change (all women)

  

−2 (−6 to 2)

EPDS

    

Total

Baseline

7.1 (4.6)

7.4 (4.5)

 
 

28 weeks

6.9 (4.2)

7.1 (5.2)

0.1 (−1.1 to 1.3)

Total Score > 9

Baseline

25 (29%)

28 (30%)

 
 

28 weeks

17 (23%)

21 (26%)

1% (−9 to 11)

Total score > 12

Baseline

9 (10%)

10 (11%)

 
 

28 weeks

6 (8%)

14 (18%)

7% (−1% to 16)

  1. Attitude to target behaviours are based on the average of multiple responses on 5-point scales, with 5 indicating the greatest barrier, perceived benefit, or level of confidence, and 1 the least.
  2. Abbreviations: EQ-5D EuroQol 5 dimensional quality of life scale, TTO Time Trade Off health state ratings calculated from standard values elicited using the time trade-off method. VAS visual analogue scale, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score. Summaries are n (%) or mean (SD) as appropriate. For the EuroQoL subscales, the overall change over time is estimated as a risk difference, by McNemar’s test of changes. Elsewhere, differences are calculated by linear or binomal regression as appropriate, adjusting for baseline values.