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Table 2 Dietary outcomes

From: Developing a complex intervention for diet and activity behaviour change in obese pregnant women (the UPBEAT trial); assessment of behavioural change and process evaluation in a pilot randomised controlled trial

  

Control

Intervention

Difference(95%CI)

P value

n: baseline, 28 weeks’

 

n = 89, 69

n = 94, 71

  

Total Energy (MJ/d)

Baseline

7.53 (2.21)

7.26 (2.29)

  
 

28 weeks

7.71 (2.30)

6.75 (2.57)

−0.94 (−1.72 to −0.18)

0.016

Dietary GI (%)

Baseline

58 (6)

58 (5)

  
 

28 weeks

60 (26)

53 (13)

−7 (−15 to 0)

0.054

Dietary GL (g/d)

Baseline

133 (48)

129 (41)

  
 

28 weeks

146 (55)

111 (39)

−33 (−47 to −20)

<0.001

GL (%E)

Baseline

27.7 (5.3)

28.5 (5.9)

  
 

28 weeks

31.3 (13.3)

26.6 (8.0)

−4.8 (−8.5 to −1.0)

0.013

Carbohydrate (%E)

Baseline

48.0 (8.4)

48.9 (9.6)

  
 

28 weeks

48.2 (8.0)

50.0 (8.2)

1.7 (−1.0 to 4.4)

0.207

Protein (%E)

Baseline

15.5 (3.6)

16.0 (4.2)

  
 

28 weeks

15.5 (3.2)

17.1 (4.9)

1.5 ( 0.1 to 2.8)

0.034

Protein (g)

Baseline

69.3(25.3)

68.5 (26.1)

  
 

28 weeks

70.6 (24.0)

66.5 (23.5)

−4.8 (−12.3 to 2.6)

0.204

Total fat (%E)

Baseline

36.0 (8.2)

34.9 (9.3)

  
 

28 weeks

35.9 (7.7)

32.5 (7.4)

−3.2 (−5.6 to −0.8)

0.010

SFA (%E)

Baseline

12.7 (3.9)

12.0 (4.3)

  
 

28 weeks

12.9 (3.9)

11.1 (3.8)

−1.6 (−2.8 to −0.3)

0.015

MUFA (%E)

Baseline

12.1 (4.1)

11.4 (4.0)

  
 

28 weeks

11.6 (4.0)

10.4 (3.2)

−1.0 (−2.2 to 0.2)

0.088

PUFA (%E)

Baseline

6.4 (3.0)

6.0 (3.1)

  
 

28 weeks

5.9 (2.8)

6.0 (2.7)

0.13 (−0.8 to 1.1)

0.774

P:S ratio

Baseline

0.56 (0.31)

0.56 (0.40)

  
 

28 weeks

0.51 (0.35)

0.64 (0.52)

0.13 (−0.01 to 0.28)

0.075

NSP (g)

Baseline

11.2 (4.6)

10.4 (4.6)

  
 

28 weeks

10.5 (4.2)

12.0 (6.0)

1.77 ( 0.08 to 3.47)

0.040

  1. Abbreviations: GI glycaemic index, GL glycaemic load, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, NSP non-starch polysaccharide, P:S ratio polyunsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid ratio; PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid, SFA saturated fatty acids,%E: percentage energy.
  2. For each dietary variable, results are presented in two lines: at trial entry (Baseline; 16+0-18+6 weeks’ gestation) and after randomised treatment, with comparisons and p-values only for the randomised comparison. Comparisons are adjusted for baseline levels throughout.