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Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted values of the subscale scores from the impact of event scale as dependent variable for the men in the fetal anomaly group

From: Paternal psychological response after ultrasonographic detection of structural fetal anomalies with a comparison to maternal response: a cohort study

Independent variable

Dependent variable

  

IES intrusion (N = 155)

IES avoidance (N = 155)

IES arousal (N = 155)

  

Unadjusted

Adjusted

Unadjusted

Adjusted*

Unadjusted

Adjusted

  

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Mean (CI)

P-value

Fetal diagnostic and prognostic classification; Category 1–5 (see text, footnotes, Table 1)

1

18.2 (15.7-20.7)

< 0.001

19.1 (16.3-21.9)

< 0.001**

11.2 (8.8-13.6)

0.072

10.3 (7.9-12.7)

0.024 ***

10.2 (8.1-12.3)

0.097

10.4 (8.0-12.8)

0.004†

2

19.7 (17.1-22.3)

 

19.8 (16.9-22.6)

 

9.8 (7.4-12.2)

 

9.1 (6.7 -11.5)

 

11.2 (9.0-13.3)

 

11.3 (8.9-13.7)

 

3

17.1 (13.4-20.7)

 

16.4 (12.6-20.2)

 

9.4 (6.0-12.7)

 

8.8 (5.6-12.0)

 

9.7 (6.7-12.7)

 

9.6 (6.4-12.8)

 

4

9.5 (6.1-13.0)

 

9.5 (5.9-13.2)

 

5.5 (2.2-8.7)

 

3.9 (0.7-7.1)

 

4.4 (1.5-7.2)

 

4.0 (0.9-7.0)

 

5

15.0 (12.2-17.8)

 

15.6 (12.6-18.7)

 

8.2 (5.6-10.9)

 

7.2 (4.6-9.8)

 

8.2 (5.8-10.5)

 

8.2 (5.6-10.7)

 

Paternal age (years)

19-30

15.4 (13.1-17.7)

0.514

16.2 (13.6-18.7)

0.887

9.0 (6.9-11.0)

0.461 ††

8.7 (6.5-10.9)

0.548

9.4 (7.5-11.3)

0.647

9.7 (7.5-11.8)

0.471

31–35

17.1 (14.8-19.5)

 

15.6 (13.2-18.1)

 

9.9 (7.8-12.0)

 

7.9 (5.8-9.9)

 

9.5 (7.6-11.5)

 

8.6 (6.6-10.7)

 

36-67

17.0 (14.5-19.6)

 

16.5 (13.8-19.1)

 

8.0 (5.7-10.2)

 

7.0 (4.8-9.2)

 

8.3 (6.2-10.4)

 

7.8 (5.5-10.0)

 

Previous children

Yes

17.5 (15.5-19.4)

0.159

16.9 (14.8-19.0)

0.257

9.7 (7.9-11.4)

0.410

8.3 (6.5-10.1)

0.463

9.3 (7.7-10.9)

0.741

9.0 (7.2-10.7)

0.635

No

15.5 (13.4-17.5)

 

15.3 (13.1-17.4)

 

8.6 (6.8-10.4)

 

7.4 (5.6-9.2)

 

8.9 (7.3-10.6)

 

8.4 (6.6-10.2)

 

Education

≤Junior college

16.9 (15.0-18.8)

0.540

16.2 (14.1-18.2)

0.901

9.6 (7.9-11.3)

0.450

8.2 (6.5-9.9)

0.557

9.1 (7.5-10.6)

0.934

8.3 (6.6-10.0)

0.496

>Junior college

16.0 (14.0-18.1)

 

16.0 (13.9-18.1)

 

8.7 (6.8-10.5)

 

7.5 (5.7-9.3)

 

9.2 (7.5-10.8)

 

9.1 (7.3-10.9)

 

Gestational age at inclusion (weeks)

<18

14.9 (12.0-17.9)

0.469

14.7 (11.5-17.8)

0.323

8.1 (5.5-10.8)

0.633

6.8 (4.2-9.5)

0.413

8.5 (6.1-10.9)

0.821

8.3 (5.7-10.9)

0.897

18–22

16.9 (14.9-18.8)

 

15.8 (13.6-17.9)

 

9.7 (7.9-11.4)

 

8.8 (7.0-10.6)

 

9.4 (7.8-10.9)

 

8.6 (6.8-10.4)

 

>22

17.2 (14.5-19.9)

 

17.9 (15.1-20.6)

 

9.0 (6.6-11.4)

 

7.9 (5.6-10.3)

 

9.1 (6.9-11.3)

 

9.1 (6.9-11.4)

 

Time interval from suspicion of fetal anomaly to assessment (days)

0-2

15.6 (13.6-17.6)

0.277

15.2 (13.1-17.2)

0.599

9.1 (7.4-10.9)

0.997

8.4 (6.6-10.1)

0.741

9.2 (7.6-10.9)

0.770

8.9 (7.1-10.6)

0.765

3–6

16.8 (14.4-19.1)

 

15.9 (13.5-18.4)

 

9.1 (7.0-11.3)

 

7.3 (5.2-9.5)

 

8.6 (6.6-10.5)

 

8.1 (6.0-10.1)

 
 

≥7

18.6 (15.4-21.9)

 

17.2 (13.9-20.5)

 

9.3 (6.3-12.2)

 

7.9 (5.0-10.7)

 

9.8 (7.1-12.4)

 

9.1 (6.3-11.9)

 
  1. Abbreviations:
  2. CI Confidence interval 95%, IES Impact of Event Scale.
  3. The analyses are performed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) in the group of men in the study group (with fetal anomaly).
  4. * Left out three outliers due to violation to the significant level of Levene’s test.
  5. ** Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (Tukey HSD) test: significant difference between category 4 and 1, p = 0.001; 4 and 2, P < 0.001; 4 and 3, P = 0.032.
  6. *** Tukey HSD test: significant difference between category 4 and 1, P = 0.009; 4 and 2, P = 0.037.
  7. † Tukey HSD test: significant difference between category 4 and 1, P = 0.016; 4 and 2, P = 0.003.
  8. †† Two outliers removed to not violate the Levene’s test of equality of error variance.