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Table 2 Knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women, overall and by ANC attendance

From: Health and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women attending and not-attending ANC clinics in Western Kenya: a cross-sectional analysis

Variable

Overall

ANC attendancea

p-values*

Attending

Non-attending

n (%)

979

582 (59.4)

382 (39.0)

 

Nutrition knowledge score

4.61 ± 1.91

4.62 ± 1.91

4.59 ± 1.9

0.839

 Low (<4)

320 (32.7)

192 (32.9)

122 (31.9)

0.866

 Moderate (4–6)

450 (46.0)

264 (45.4)

180 (47.1)

 

 High (7–11)

209 (21.4)

126 (21.7)

80 (20.9)

 

Health and healthcare knowledge score

6.18 ± 1.7

6.28 ± 1.6

6.04 ± 1.8

0.045

 Low (<5)

332 (33.9)

186 (31.9)

141 (36.9)

0.261

 Moderate (6–7)

437 (44.6)

265 (45.5)

165 (43.2)

 

 High (8–12)

210 (21.5)

131 (22.5)

76 (19.9)

 

Attitude score

7.39 ± 2.2

7.48 ± 2.2

7.24 ± 2.2

0.089

 Low (<5)

138 (14.1)

74 (12.7)

62 (16.2)

0.259

 Medium (5–7)

258 (26.4)

152 (26.1)

102 (26.7)

 

 High (8–10)

583 (59.6)

356 (61.2)

218 (57.1)

 

Dietary diversity score

4.89 ± 1.4

4.90 ± 1.5

4.87 ± 1.4

0.803

 Low(<4)

151 (15.4)

94 (16.2)

56 (14.7)

0.677

 Moderate (4–7)

790 (80.7)

464 (79.7)

313 (81.9)

 

 High (8–12)

38 (3.9)

24 (4.1)

13 (3.4)

 

Seeking malaria & antihelmintic treatmentb

 No treatment

296 (34.4)

101 (17.4)

195 (70.4)

<0.0001b

 Anthelmintic treatment alone

18 (2.1)

16 (2.8)

2 (0.7)

 

 Malaria treatment alone

386 (44.9)

321 (55.2)

65 (23.5)

 

 Both treatments

160 (18.6)

144 (24.7)

15 (5.4)

 

Food intake during pregnancyc

 Less than before

419 (47.6)

272 (47.8)

145 (46.9)

0.266

 Same as before

234 (26.6)

159 (27.9)

75 (24.3)

 

 More than before

228 (25.9)

138 (24.3)

89 (28.8)

 
  1. *p-values for Chi-square test for comparison proportions is significant at a two-sided alpha of <0.05.
  2. 1 Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) for continuous scale; the scores are categorized for descriptive purposes.
  3. a Missing ANC attendance data for n = 15 women, effecting sample size for ANC attendance comparisons, n = 964.
  4. b Missing seeking treatment values for n = 120; effective n = 859; For chi-square statistic, antihelmintic treatment was combined with malaria treatment (seeking only one treatment) due to a cell count of <5.
  5. c Missing values for amount food intake during pregnancy, as compared to before pregnancy in n = 101 women; effective n = 878.