Table 1 Maternal characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes for overweight and obese nulliparous women according to mode of delivery

Maternal characteristic

Body mass index (kg/m²)

[median (IQR)]

28.0 (25.4-31.3)

29.7 (27.0-32.7)

<0.001

Age (years)

27.1 ± 5.6

28.9 ± 5.9

<0.001

Ethnicity

0.18

European

732 (87)

179 (91)

Socioeconomic index

38 ± 16

39 ± 15

0.35

Smoking at 14–16 weeks

103 (12)

22 (11)

0.69

Unmarried

77 (9)

13 (7)

0.26

Maternal height (cm)

166 ± 6.4

163 ± 5.8

<0.001

Private obstetric care

83 (10)

28 (14)

0.07

Pregnancy complications

Gestational diabetes*

26 (3)

12 (6)

0.11

Gestational hypertension

85 (10)

25 (13)

0.28

Preeclampsia

46 (5)

16 (8)

0.15

Serum lipids

Total Cholesterol^†

5.55 ± 0.92

5.67 ± 0.85

0.10

LDL^‡- Cholesterol^†

3.10 ± 0.82

3.18 ± 0.75

0.20

HDL^§- Cholesterol^†

1.75 ± 0.36

1.75 ± 0.34

0.87

Total Cholesterol: HDL ratio

3.29 ± 0.80

3.34 ± 0.76

0.42

Triglycerides

1.55 ± 0.63

1.62 ± 0.63

0.16

Labor and delivery

Induction of labour

259 (31)

100 (51)

<0.001

Gestation at delivery (weeks)

39.6 ± 1.2

39.9 ± 1.2

0.002

Gestation at delivery ≥ 41 weeks

205 (24)

71 (36)

0.002

Neonatal outcomes

Birthweight (g)

3500 ± 445

3734 ± 484

<0.001

Customised birthweight centile

44 ± 28

57 ± 29

<0.001

Small for gestational age^║

91 (11)

12 (6)

0.05

Large for gestational age^║

56 (7)

32 (16)

<0.001