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Table 4 Association of race with vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health in early pregnancy: the Health Status in Pregnancy (HIP) study

From: The effect of depression symptoms and social support on black-white differences in health-related quality of life in early pregnancy: the health status in pregnancy (HIP) study

Adjustments

Black versus white race

[Beta coefficient1(95% confidence interval)]

Vitality

Social functioning

Role-emotional

Mental health

Model 1: Unadjusted

−4┼ (−8, -0.3)

- 7┼ (−14, -0.2)

−8 (−18, 3)

−3 (−8, 2)

Model 2: model 1 + demographic factorsa

−2 (−7, 3)

−5 (−14, 3)

−1 (−13, 14)

−2 (−8, 5)

Model 3: model 2 + socioeconomic factorsb

−2 (−7, 3)

−6 (−14, 3)

−1 (−15, 13)

−2 (−8, 4)

Model 4: model 3 + depressive symptomsc

−2 (−7, 3)

−5 (−13, 4)

3 (−9, 17)

−0.8 (−7, 6)

Model 5: model 4 + social support factorsd

−4 (−10. 0.2)

−8 (−16, 1)

2 (−11, 15)

−0.2 (−7, -6)

Model 6: model 5 + pre-pregnancy BMI

−4 (−10, 0.5)

−9 (−18, 0.4)

−1 (−15, 12)

−0.7 (−7, 5)

Model 7: model 6 + prior adverse birth outcomese

−4 (−10, 1)

−8 (−18, 1.3)

−2 (−16, 12)

−0.8 (−8, 6)

Model 8: model 7 + chronic medical conditionsf

−4 (−10, 1)

−8 (−18, 0.8)

−2 (−16, 12)

−0.7 (−8, 7)

Model 9: model 8 + current medical conditionsg

−4 (−10, 2.0)

−9 (−19, 0.8)

−0.25 (−14, 15)

−0.08 (−7, 6)

  1. BMI = body mass index; 1The beta coefficient represents on average the difference in health-related quality of life scores among African-American compared to white women for each functional status domain.
  2. ┼ A confidence interval that excludes 0 indicates statistical significance.
  3. aDemographic factors (age, marital status, parity, gestational age).
  4. bSocioeconomic factors (education, work status, payment source).
  5. c Based on Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale score of 16 or higher.
  6. d Social support is based on modified version of the Norbeck Social support Questionnaire.
  7. eAdverse birth outcomes (one or more spontaneous abortions, or preterm birth, or spontaneous abortion).
  8. fPast medical conditions include chronic hypertension; heart disease; diabetes mellitus; sexually transmitted disease, infertility; renal disease; prior diagnosis of depression and asthma. gCurrent pregnancy complications included pregnancy-induced hypertension, heart disease, asthma, cervical dysplasia requiring colposcopy, renal disease or pyelonephritis; first or second trimester vaginal bleeding, sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, hepatitis B).