Skip to main content

Table 3 Perinatal mortality ratio (number of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths per 1000 deliveries) in the ten Robson groups, 2000 to 2011

From: Increasing caesarean section rates among low-risk groups: a panel study classifying deliveries according to Robson at a university hospital in Tanzania

Robson group

2000–2002

2003–2005

2006–2008

2009–2011

2000–2011

p -value

1. Nullipara, single, cephalic, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg, spontaneous labour

70 (1094/15,688)

55 (584/10,607)

61 (533/8687)

55 (410/7430)

62 (2621/42,412)

< 0.001

2. Nullipara, single, cephalic, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg, induced labour or elective CS

110 (26/236)

153 (23/150)

119 (8/67)

31 (10/320)

87 (67/773)

< 0.001

3. Multipara, no previous CS, single, cephalic, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg, spontaneous labour

55 (976/17,679)

50 (713/14,229

52 (556/10,749)

59 (592/10,098)

54 (2837/52,755)

0.381

4. Multipara, no previous CS, single, cephalic, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg, induced labour or elective CS

86 (13/152)

99 (10/101)

23 (1/43)

46 (24/518)

59 (48/814)

0.023

5. Previous CS, single, cephalic, birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg

43 (126/2948)

27 (68/2561)

36 (86/2404)

29 (121/4182)

33 (401/12,095)

0.014

6. Nullipara, single, breech

299 (140/469)

207 (43/208)

185 (33/178)

165 (30/182)

237 (246/1037)

< 0.001

7. Multipara, single, breech

307 (183/597)

246 (87/354)

241 (57/237)

243 (69/284)

269 (396/1472)

0.024

8. Multiple pregnancies

158 (258/1638)

132 (163/1237)

109 (119/1094)

96 (114/1189)

127 (654/5158)

< 0.001

9. Single, transverse or oblique lie

238 (67/282)

191 (33/173)

167 (1/6)

176 (12/68)

214 (113/529)

0.197

10. Single, cephalic, birth weight < 2.5 kg

334 (2347/7033)

316 (1504/4760)

323 (1345/4170)

302 (1234/4086)

321 (6430/20,049)

0.002

Total

112 (5230/46,722)

94 (3228/34,380)

99 (2739/27,635)

92 (2616/28,357)

101 (13,813/137,094)

< 0.001

  1. P-value for test of trend.