Table 5 Birth in a private hospital and obstetric outcomes for low risk multiparous Australian-born and migrant women, N=169,409
| Â | Australia | New Zealand | England | China | Vietnam | Lebanon | Philippines | India | Other | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n=127 528 | n=4 388 | n=2 162 | n=2 098 | n=3 341 | n=4 525 | n=2 076 | n=1 468 | n=21 823 | Â |
Birth in a private hospital | 20.2% | 7.1% | 18.7% | 8.2% | 7.5% | 6.7% | 7.9% | 12.9% | 13.3% | <0.0001 |
Spontaneous labour | 61.4% | 71.1% | 60.8% | 74.7% | 82.0% | 73.0% | 76.9% | 64.4% | 83.6% | <0.0001 |
Normal vaginal delivery | 77.7% | 83.2% | 77.1% | 79.9% | 86.6% | 88.5% | 77.8% | 70.8% | 76.9% | <0.0001 |
Assisted vaginal delivery | 3.8% | 2.6% | 3.9% | 3.4% | 3.9% | 2.2% | 4.5% | 7.7% | 3.8% | <0.0001 |
Caesarean section (elective) | 13.9% | 9.7% | 14.8% | 11.7% | 6.4% | 6.5% | 11.2% | 15.2% | 11.2% | <0.0001 |
Caesarean section (emergency) | 4.6% | 4.5% | 4.2% | 5.0% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 6.5% | 6.2% | 5.0% | <0.001 |
Stillbirth/1000 births* | 1.2/1000 | 1.1/1000 | 0.5/1000 | 1.4/1000 | 1.5/1000 | 2.2/1000 | 0.5/1000 | 2.0/1000 | 1.6/1 000 | 0.38 |
Neonatal death/1000 livebirths* | 0.2/1000 | 0.0/1000 | 0.0/1000 | 0.5/1000 | 0.6/1000 | 0.7/1000 | 0.0/1000 | 0.0/1000 | 0.3/1 000 | 0.43 |
5 minute Apgar <7 | 0.9% | 0.7% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.8% | 0.9% | 0.70 |
Epidural usage | 16.9% | 12.5% | 20.9% | 12.0% | 4.6% | 7.7% | 12.9% | 18.9% | 15.8% | <0.0001 |
No pain relief for labour | 17.0% | 25.1% | 13.4% | 14.1% | 19.1% | 23.6% | 19.2% | 10.5% | 18.9% | <0.0001 |
Episiotomy # | 6.6% | 3.6% | 8.6% | 11.7% | 15.3% | 3.8% | 9.0% | 17.5% | 8.4% | <0.0001 |
Severe perineal trauma# | 1.5% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.5% | 1.2% | 1.4% | 1.9% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 0.70 |