| Australia | New Zealand | England | China | Vietnam | Lebanon | Philippines | India | Other | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n=88 437 | n=2 663 | n=2 361 | n=2 915 | n=3 123 | n=1 727 | n=1 689 | n=1 959 | n=19 557 |  |
Birth in a private hospital | 27.4% | 14.4% | 21.1% | 10.7% | 10.1% | 8.9% | 12.1% | 16.1% | 19.2% | <0.0001 |
Spontaneous labour | 52.1% | 57.8% | 55.1% | 54.2% | 59.3% | 59.2% | 58.3% | 46.4% | 53.8% | <0.0001 |
Normal vaginal delivery | 58.4% | 64.5% | 57.7% | 56.6% | 65.2% | 75.2% | 56.7% | 51.4% | 59.5% | <0.0001 |
Assisted vaginal delivery | 20.8% | 18.5% | 21.6% | 24.6% | 21.5% | 15.0% | 20.6% | 26.0% | 21.2% | <0.0001 |
Caesarean section (elective) | 4.6% | 3.0% | 4.2% | 3.6% | 2.4% | 1.4% | 3.7% | 3.8% | 4.5% | <0.0001 |
Caesarean section (emergency) | 16.0% | 13.9% | 16.4% | 15.1% | 10.9% | 8.4% | 19.0% | 18.9% | 14.8% | <0.0001 |
Stillbirth per 1000 births* | 1.7/1000 | 3.0/1000 | 2.1/1000 | 1.4/1000 | 1.0/1000 | 2.3/1000 | 1.2/1000 | 2.6/1000 | 1.5/1000 | 0.59 |
Neonatal death per 1000 live births* | 0.3/1000 | 0.0/1000 | 0.4/1000 | 0.7/1000 | 0.3/1000 | 1.2/1000 | 0.6/1000 | 1.0/1000 | 0.3/1000 | 0.56 |
5 minute Apgar <7 | 1.5% | 1.3% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.1% | 1.5% | 1.4% | 0.21 |
Epidural usage | 38.2% | 33.5% | 42.8% | 35.8% | 17.4% | 22.1% | 34.6% | 41.2% | 37.7% | <0.0001 |
No pain relief for labour | 4.4% | 6.2% | 4.4% | 2.6% | 3.1% | 5.5% | 3.8% | 1.9% | 3.9% | <0.0001 |
Episiotomy # | 24.9% | 18.8% | 22.7% | 31.0% | 41.8% | 22.5% | 29.8% | 39.7% | 29.1% | <0.0001 |
Severe perineal trauma)# | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.3% | 1.1% | 1.7% | 0.9% | 1.5% | 0.34 |