Table 1 The characteristics of study sample
From: Prevalence and risk factors of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress symptoms
|  | Traumatic birth (n = 218) | With PTSD (n = 80) | Without PTSD (n = 138) |  |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | No (%) | No (%) | P |
Age groups (years) | Â | Â | Â | 0.80 |
<20 | 19 (8.7) | 8 (10.0) | 11 (8.0) | Â |
21-36 | 189 (86.7) | 69 (86.2) | 120 (87.0) | Â |
>36 | 10 (4.6) | 3 (3.8) | 7 (5.1) | Â |
Education | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
Primary | 85 (39) | 38 (47.5) | 47 (34.1) | Â |
Secondary | 99 (45.4) | 38 (47.5) | 61 (44.2) | Â |
Higher | 34 (15.6) | 4 (5.0) | 30 (21.7) | Â |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | 0.152 |
House wife | 196 (89.9) | 5 (6.2) | 17 (12.3) | Â |
Employed | 22 (10.1) | 75 (93.8) | 121 (87.7) | Â |
Number of children | Â | Â | Â | 0.707 |
>1 | 99 (45.4) | 35 (43.8) | 64 (46.4) | Â |
1 | 119 (54.6) | 45 (56.2) | 74 (53.6) | Â |
Pregnancy was planned | Â | Â | Â | 0.007 |
Yes | 169 (77.5) | 54 (67.5) | 115 (83.3) | Â |
No | 49 (22.5) | 26 (32.5) | 23 (16.7) | Â |
Gestational age at delivery | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
Term | 200 (91.7) | 67 (83.8) | 133 (96.4) | Â |
Preterm | 18 (8.3) | 13 (16.2) | 5 (3.6) | Â |
Number of prenatal care visits | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
>10 | 163 (74.8) | 52 (65.0) | 111 (80.4) | Â |
8-10 | 40 (18.3) | 17 (21.2) | 23 (16.7) | Â |
<8 | 15 (6.9) | 11 (13.8) | 4 (2.9) | Â |
Complications due to pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Yes | 79 (36.2) | 41 (51.2) | 38 (27.5) | Â |
No | 139 (63.8) | 39 (48.8) | 100 (72.5) | Â |
Admission due to pregnancy complications | Â | Â | Â | 0.012 |
Yes | 13 (6.0) | 9 (11.2) | 4 (2.9) | Â |
No | 205 (94.0) | 71 (88.8) | 134 (97.1) | Â |
Pregnancy intervals (year) | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
>2 | 194 (89.0) | 61 (76.2) | 133 (96.4) | Â |
<2 | 24 (11.0) | 19 (23.8) | 5 (3.6) | Â |
Labor duration in hours | Â | Â | Â | 0.007 |
Cesarean section | 127 (58.3) | 54 (67.5) | 73 (52.9) | Â |
>9 | 20 (9.2) | 10 (12.5) | 10 (7.2) | Â |
3-9 | 39 (17.9) | 12 (15.0) | 27 (19.6) | Â |
<3 | 32 (14.7) | 4 (5.0) | 28 (20.3) | Â |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 |
SVD | 91 (41.7) | 26 (37.5) | 65 (47.1) | Â |
ELCS | 60 (27.5) | 19 (23.8) | 41 (29.7) | Â |
EMCS | 67 (30.7) | 35 (43.8) | 32 (23.2) | Â |
Admission due to post-partum complications | Â | Â | Â | 0.10 |
No | 204 (93.6) | 72 (90.0) | 132 (95.7) | Â |
Yes | 14 (6.4) | 8 (10.0) | 6 (4.3) | Â |
Sex of neonate | Â | Â | Â | 0.315 |
Male | 116 (53.2) | 39 (48.8) | 77 (55.8) | Â |
Female | 102 (46.8) | 41 (51.2) | 61 (44.2) | Â |
Birth weight (gr.) | Â | Â | Â | 0.068 |
<2500 | 14 (6.4) | 2 (2.5) | 12 (8.7) | Â |
2500-4000 | 194 (89.0) | 72 (90.0) | 122 (88.4) | Â |
>4000 | 10 (4.6) | 6 (7.5) | 4 (2.9) | Â |
History of child morbidity | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
Yes | 64 (29.4) | 32 (40.0) | 32 (23.2) | Â |
No | 154 (70.6) | 48 (60.0) | 106 (76.8) | Â |