Health care costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus among high-risk women – results from a randomised trial

Table 2 Use of health care services (mean and SD or frequency and percentage) and mean costs per person during pregnancy and postnatal period

		Number of units		Mean cost, €*
	Unit cost, €	Women with	Comparison	Women with	Comparison	p-value
	Unit cost, €	GDM (n = 251)	group (n = 597)	GDM (n = 251)	group (n = 597)	p-value
Women
Visits to primary care	72 €/ visit	14.0 ± 3.3	14.6 ± 2.8	1,008	1,048	0.019
Visits to secondary care	208 €/ visit†	3.25 ± 2.9	1.40 +/− 1.6	676	291	<0.001
Visits to a diabetes nurse	91 €/ visit†	0.44 ± 0.86	0.01 ± 0.13	40	1	<0.001
Visits to a dietician	164 €/ visit†	0.01 ± 0.12	0.01 ± 0.14	2	2	0.79
OGTT	25 €/ test			25	25
Insulin therapy	85 € / 2.5 month	73 (29.1%)	0 (0.0%)	25	-	<0.001
Hospital days before and after delivery	330 €/ day‡	1.49 ± 2.70	1.03 ± 2.20	491	341	<0.001
Delivery cost to the patient	30 €/ day	3.51 ± 1.22	3.37 ± 1.14	105	101	0.14
Delivery cost to the municipality (Table 3)				2,144	2,048
Newborn
Cost of neonatal intensive care unit to the patient§	30 €/ day	4.43 ± 1.57	4.41 ± 1.42	133	132	0.78
Cost of neonatal intensive care unit to the municipality (Table 3)				1,783	1,154
Total mean costs, €				6,432	5,143
Unadjusted						<0.001
Adjusted ∣∣						<0.001

*Costs are rounded to whole Euros.
†Including outpatient charge (27 € per visit).
‡ Including standard inpatient daily charge (30 € per day) and all costs to municipalities and patients.
§ Inpatient daily charge (30 € per day) during 1–7 hospital days.
∣∣Adjusted for maternal age, body mass index and education.

ISSN: 1471-2393