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Table 7 Associations between induction of labour and amniotic fluid embolism

From: Amniotic fluid embolism incidence, risk factors and outcomes: a review and recommendations

 

Australia (NSW)

Canada

Netherlands

UK

US

Induction of labour

     

Induction of labour (all methods)

*

*

RR 5.6 (1.5-20.9)

aOR≠ 3.5 (1.9-6.7)

aOR 1.5 (0.9-2.3)

Specific methods of induction

     

   Any medical induction of labour

RR 1.9 (0.8-4.9)

aOR 1.8 (1.3-2.7)

*

  

   Surgical induction of labour/artificial rupture of membranes

RR 1.4 (0.6-3.5)

1.0 (0.6-1.8)

*

*

*

   Vaginal prostaglandin (PG) E2 (induction)

RR 3.4 (1.3-9.0)

*

*

*

*

   Any oxytocin

RR 0.8 (0.3-2.3)

*

*

*

*

   Induction with both PG+oxytocin

RR 2.1 (0.5.-9.1)

*

*

*

*

  1. RR = Relative Risk, aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio
  2. ≠ Adjusted for age, parity, smoking status, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, bmi, multiple pregnancy, placenta praevia or abruption, labour induction and postdates
  3. * No data or no accurate or limited data