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Table 5 Maternal factors associated with amniotic fluid embolism

From: Amniotic fluid embolism incidence, risk factors and outcomes: a review and recommendations

 

Australia (NSW)

Canada

Netherlands

UK

US

Maternal factors

     

Age < 20 years

*

aOR 0.2 (0.1-0.96)

No cases

*

aOR 0.4 (0.2-0.9)

Age ≥ 35 years

RR 4.8 (2.0-12)

aOR 1.9 (1.4-2.7)

RR 2.4 (0.7-9.1)

aOR≠ 2.7 (1.4-5.1)

aOR 2.2 (1.5-2.1)

Multipara

RR 3.7 (0.9-8.1)

*

RR 6.6 (0.8-52.7)

aOR≠ 0.9 (0.5-1.7)

*

Smoked during pregnancy

RR 1.5 (0.5-4.6)

*

*

aOR≠ 0.9 (0.4-2.2)

*

Socioeconomic status

Disadvantaged (lowest quartile)

RR 1.6 (0.6-4.0)

*

*

Routine, manual occupation or unemployed

aOR≠ 0.5 (0.3-1.0)

*

Race/Ethnicity

(Baseline group white or native born)

East Asian country of birth RR 2.4 (0.8-7.2)

*

Non-Western immigrants RR 1.3 (0.3-6.1)

Black or other ethnic minority group aOR≠ 1.2 (0.5-2.6)

African American aOR 2.4 (1.5-3.6)

Other aOR 2.3 (1.5-3.6)

Diabetes (pregnancy and pre-pregnancy)

*

aOR 1.5 (0.6-3.8)

*

*

aOR 2.3 (0.6-9.2)

  1. RR = Relative Risk, aOR = adjusted Odds Ratio
  2. ≠ Adjusted for age, parity, smoking status, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, bmi, multiple pregnancy, placenta praevia or abruption, labour induction and postdates
  3. * No data or no accurate or limited data