Characteristics | Overall (n = 309) | Women with their husband (n = 97) | Women with a female companion (n = 96) | Control (n = 105) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Women’s characteristics | ||||
Women’s age (years), mean (SD) | 21.85 (2.82) | 22.06 (3.08) | 21.80 (2.56) | 21.56 (2.71) |
Years of marriage, mean (SD) | 1.72 (1.32) | 1.57 (0.91) | 1.68 (1.01) | 1.88 (1.81) |
Women with love marriage (%) | 56.6 | 54.6 | 55.2 | 62.9 |
Years of living together, mean (SD) | 1.55 (1.17) | 1.43 (.72) | 1.46 (.78) | 1.74 (1.71) |
Women with more than 10 years of schooling (%) | 35.5 | 41.2 | 36.5 | 28.6 |
Working women (%) | 16.8 | 16.5 | 14.6 | 12.4 |
Husbands’ characteristics | ||||
Husbands’ age (years), mean (SD) | 25.54 (4.17) | 26.01 (5.02) | 25.27 (3.56) | 25.20 (3.92) |
Husbands with more than 10 years of schooling (%) | 37.2 | 36.1 | 37.5 | 37.1 |
Husbands working in managerial and professional positions (%) | 12.3 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 12.4 |
Household characteristics | ||||
Hindu (%) | 78.6 | 81.4 | 76.0 | 80.0 |
Brahman/Chhetri (%) | 45.9 | 44.3 | 52.1 | 40.0 |
Monthly family incomea (Rupees), mean (SD) | 13854.09 (8676.12) | 14771 (8375.48) | 13700 (8354.92) | 13154 (9413.85) |
Women in a nuclear family (%) | 60.8 | 69.1 | 57.3 | 55.2 |
Support person available at home (%) | 57.9 | 57.7 | 55.2 | 60.0 |
Living in own house (%) | 29.1 | 25.8 | 31.3 | 29.5 |
Antenatal characteristics | ||||
Attended antenatal clinic (at least once) | 97.1 | 96.9 | 97.9 | 97.1 |
Accompanied by husband to antenatal clinic (%) | 58.3 | 64.9 | 50.02 | 60.0 |
Attended birth preparation class (%) | 6.1 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 6.7 |
Birth outcomes | ||||
Length of first stage of labour, mean (SD) in minutes b | 706.11 (235.31) | 638.03 (203.42) | 738.20 (237.31) | 762.30 (232.53) |
Spontaneous labour (%) | 88.0 | 92.8 | 91.7 | 80.0 |
Vaginal delivery (%) | 83.8 | 84.5 | 85.4 | 81.0 |
Presence of intrapartum complications (%) | 18.1 | 17.5 | 15.6 | 21.9 |
Percentage of male babies | 59.5 | 64.9 | 58.3 | 55.2 |
Weight of the baby at birth, mean (SD) in grams | 3001.63 (374.86) | 3019.43 (381.51) | 3004.17 (376.39) | 2959.24 (357.71) |
Perception of recalled labour pain VAS score, mean (SD) | 8.84 (1.73) | 8.83 (1.83) | 8.91 (1.65) | 8.78 (1.75) |