Table 4 Multivariable analysis of depression (global CES-D dichotomised at a cut-off value of 16)

Case (ref: control)

1.11

0.60–2.03

.747

0.77

0.37–1.57

.465

Age in 2008 (yr)

1.00

0.95–1.05

.944

1.01

0.96–1.07

.692

Primary, secondary, high school (ref: 1–5 year postsecondary education)

1.51

0.72–3.18

.280

>5 year postsecondary school (ref: 1–5 year postsecondary education)

0.77

0.40–1.50

.447

Household income ≥750 000 NOK (ref: <750 000 NOK)

0.34

0.19–0.60

<.001

0.41

0.21–0.77

.006

Overweight ≥25 (ref: BMI <25)

1.14

0.64–2.03

.648

Daily smoker (ref: not daily smoker)

2.40

1.12–5.17

.025

Alcohol consumption, more than once per week (ref: once a week or less)

0.83

0.46–1.48

.526

Co-morbidity

1.40

1.13–1.73

.002

Pain (ref: no pain)

3.01

1.55–5.84

.001

Sick leave two weeks or more (ref: <2 weeks)

2.88

1.53–5.42

.001

Often or always physically exhausted from work (ref: never/rarely)

3.71

2.03–6.78

<.001

2.34

1.18–4.63

.015

Often or always mentally exhausted from work (ref: never/rarely)

2.35

1.28–4.31

.006

Poor health (ref: good)

10.23

4.18–25.02

<.001

6.13

2.11–17.77

.001

Miscarriage (ref: no- miscarriage)

0.70

0.38–1.31

.264