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Table 3 Parental smoking habit declared by self-report and probability distribution (mean, median and geometric mean) of cord blood cotinine level

From: Assessment of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke by cotinine in cord blood for the evaluation of smoking control policies in Spain

Parental smoking habit

   

Cord blood cotinine levels (ng/mL)

    
   

1996 98

   

2002 04

   

2008

 
   

N = 373

   

N = 245

   

N = 181

 
 

GM

Median

Mean (SD)

p-value

GM

Median Mean (SD)

p-value

GM

Median

Mean (SD)

p-value

Nobody

1.8

1.6

8.4 (57.4)

Ref.

0.4

0.4

0.6 (0.8)

Ref.

0.6

0.37

3.5 (7.9)

Ref.

Only father

3.1

2.4

16.2 (55.5)

 

0.6

0.5

2.3 (6.4)

 

0.9

0.31

7.0 (17.3)

 

Only mother

62.5

74.6

132.4 (183.1)

**

55.6

75.5

74.9 (50.0)

**

0.7

0.36

9.6 (27.7)

 

Both

78.1

97.2

162.0 (170.0)

**

20.8

28.7

39.8 (37.6)

**

0.9

0.29

14.5 (36.1)

 
  1. GM: geometric mean; Ref.: reference
  2. ** p-value in relation to "Nobody smoke"; p-value < 0.001