Gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcomes - a systematic review of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) diagnostic criteria

Table 1 Main characteristics of the studies included

Study	N	Incidence of GDM (%)¹	Ethnicity	Maternal age ²	Gestational age at OGGT (weeks) ²		Pre-gravid BMI²	Study criteria for GDM treatment ³ mmol/L
Aberg 2001 [12] Sweden	4773	5.2	Not reported	Not reported	25-30		Not reported	2 hs PG > 9.0
Black 2010 [13] USA	8711	19.4	White: 7.2; Black: 10.;1 Hispanic: 74.4; Asian: 7.4; Other: 0.9	29.1 ± 5.9	26.7 ± 2.9		27.5 ± 6.1	At least 2 abnormal values: FPG ≥ 5.5; 1 hPG ≥ 10.8; 2 hPG ≥ 8.9
EBDG 2001 [16] Brazil	4998	7.5	White: 44.9 Mixed: 41.1 Black: 13.6 Other: 0.4	27.8 ± 5.5	24-28		23.4 ± 4.0	2 hPG ≥ 10.0
Forsbach 1997 [14] Mexico	667	16.0	Hispanic	18 - 44	34.2 (24-40)		Not reported	2 hPG > 10.0
HAPO 2008, 2010 [7, 19] multi-countries	23316	11.4	White: 48.3 Black: 11.6 Hispanic: 8.5 Asian: 29.0 Other: 2.6	29.2 ± 5.8	27.8 ± 1.8	27.7 ± 5.1	FPG > 5.8; or 2 hPG > 10.0; or RPG ≥ 8.9
Khan 1994 [15] Pakistan	1278	4.9	Not reported	26.7 ± 4.6	16 - 20	Not reported	. At least 2 abnormal values: FPG > 5.8; 1 hPG > 10.3; 2 hPG > 7.8/3 hPG > 6.8
Shirazian 2008 [17] Iran	670	12.1	Not reported	NR	24-28	Not reported	At least 2 abnormal values: FPG ≥ 5.5; 1 hPG ≥ 10.0; 2 hPG ≥ 8.3
Sugaya 2000 [18] Japan	416	32.5	Asian	30.3 ± 4.3	25.4 ± 8.2	22.4 ± 3.8	At least 2 abnormal values: FPG ≥ 5.5; 1 hPG ≥ 10.0; 2 hPG ≥ 8.3

GDM: Gestational diabetes; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; PG: Plasma glucose; FPG: Fasting PG; RPG: random PG
¹ GDM incidence according to WHO except for Black et al., who used the IASDPG criteria
² Range or mean ± SD
³ The meta-analyses only included untreated women, as defined in each study