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Table 4 Results from logistic regression model: Association between psychological symptoms, bodily changes, birth-related symptoms, breastfeeding, severe fatigue and mode of birth at 3 months after birth

From: Mode of birth and women’s psychological and physical wellbeing in the postnatal period

 

Ventouse-assisted Adjusted

Forceps-assisted Adjusted

UnplannedCaesarean Adjusted

Planned Caesarean Adjusted

ORa (95% CI)

ORa (95% CI)

ORa (95% CI)

ORa (95% CI)

Depression

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

0.85 (0.49-1.48)

0.99 (0.62-1.58)

0.93 (0.62-1.37)

0.89 (0.59-1.34)

Anxiety

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.17 (0.63-2.16)

1.05 (0.62-1.79)

1.40 (0.90-2.17)

1.32 (0.83-2.09)

PTSD symptoms

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  1

1.18 (0.80-1.74)

1.25 (0.87-1.79)

1.36 (1.02-1.82)

0.85 (0.61-1.17)

  ≥2

0.46 (0.17-1.20)

1.86 (1.06-3.24)

1.16 (0.67-2.01)

0.88 (0.48-1.63)

Bodily changes

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

1.46 (1.12-1.92)

1.56 (1.21-2.01)

0.76 (0.61-0.95)

0.71 (0.56-0.89)

Birth -related symptoms

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

4.31 (2.16-8.62)

4.89 (2.68-8.94)

4.21 (2.44-7.27)

4.36 (2.50-7.62)

Breastfeeding difficulties

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

0.63 (0.33-1.21)

1.07 (0.65-1.77)

0.87 (0.56-1.35)

0.97 (0.61-1.53)

Severe tiredness/ Fatigue

    

  No

1

1

1

1

  Yes

0.86 (0.55-1.34)

0.88 (0.59-1.31)

0.79 (0.56-1.10)

1.10 (0.81-1.51)

  1. Note. The reference group is unassisted vaginal births.
  2. aAdjusted for age (in years), parity (primiparous, multiparous), age on leaving full-time education (<16, 17–18, ≥19), IMD (quintiles), ethnicity (white, other) and all other birth-related outcomes presented in the table.