Table 3 Association between psychological symptoms, bodily changes, birth-related symptoms, breastfeeding, severe fatigue and mode of birth at 3 months after birth
From: Mode of birth and women’s psychological and physical wellbeing in the postnatal period
Unassisted Vaginala | Ventouse-assisteda | Forceps-assisteda | Unplanned Caesareana | Planned Caesareana | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 3275 | n = 302 | n = 359 | n = 675 | n = 630 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Depression b | ||||||
No | 3050 (93) | 285 (94) | 328 (91) | 632 (94) | 591 (94) | 0.53 |
Yes | 225 (7) | 17 (6) | 31 (9) | 43 (6) | 39 (6) | |
Anxiety | ||||||
No | 3123 (95) | 287 (95) | 335 (93) | 636 (94) | 597 (95) | 0.41 |
Yes | 152 (5) | 15 (5) | 24 (7) | 39 (6) | 33 (5) | |
PTSD symptoms | ||||||
No | 2842 (87) | 254 (84) | 283 (79) | 567 (84) | 557 (88) | <0.001 |
1 | 340 (10) | 43 (14) | 51 (14) | 87 (13) | 56 (9) | |
≥2 | 93 (3) | 5 (2) | 25 (7) | 21 (3) | 17 (3) | |
Bodily changes | ||||||
No | 2445 (75) | 188 (62) | 212 (59) | 506 (75) | 499 (79) | <0.001 |
Yes | 830 (25) | 114 (38) | 147 (41) | 169 (25) | 131 (21) | |
Birth-related symptoms | ||||||
No | 3238 (99) | 288 (95) | 337 (94) | 645 (96) | 607 (96) | <0.001 |
Yes | 37 (1) | 14 (5) | 22 (6) | 30 (4) | 23 (4) | |
Breastfeeding difficulties | ||||||
No | 3147 (96) | 291 (96) | 334 (93) | 643 (95) | 605 (96) | 0.08 |
Yes | 128 (4) | 11 (4) | 25 (7) | 32 (5) | 25 (4) | |
Severe tiredness/ Fatigue | ||||||
No | 2942 (90) | 273 (90) | 316 (88) | 615 (91) | 558 (89) | 0.46 |
Yes | 333 (10) | 29 (10) | 43 (12) | 60 (9) | 72 (11) |