From: Mode of birth and women’s psychological and physical wellbeing in the postnatal period
Non-operative births | Operative births | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unassisted Vaginala | Ventouse-assisteda | Forceps-assisteda | Unplanned Caesareana | Planned Caesareana | p | |
n = 3275 | n = 302 | n = 359 | n = 675 | n = 630 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
DEMOGRAPHIC | ||||||
Mother’s age (years) | ||||||
M (SD) | 30.11 (5.75) | 30.27 (5.26) | 30.30 (5.49) | 31.07 (5.55) | 32.88 (5.31) | <0.001 |
Parity | ||||||
Primiparous | 1342 (42) | 246 (83) | 299 (83) | 492 (75) | 193 (32) | <0.001 |
Multiparous | 1880 (58) | 51 (17) | 51 (15) | 164 (25) | 420 (69) | |
Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 2780 (86) | 279 (93) | 322 (90) | 534 (81) | 521 (84) | <0.001 |
Otherb | 445 (14) | 20 (7) | 34 (10) | 129 (20) | 96 (16) | |
Age left full-time education (years) | ||||||
≤ 16 | 751 (23) | 51 (17) | 63 (18) | 115 (17) | 151 (25) | <0.001 |
17-18 | 892 (28) | 60 (20) | 98 (28) | 173 (26) | 155 (25) | |
≥ 19 | 1583 (49) | 189 (63) | 195 (55) | 377 (57) | 309 (50) | |
IMD (quintiles) | ||||||
1st (least deprived) | 640 (20) | 68 (23) | 75 (21) | 122 (18) | 141 (18) | 0.002 |
2nd | 652 (20) | 63 (21) | 71 (20) | 110 (16) | 137 (22) | |
3rd | 681 (21) | 59 (20) | 74 (21) | 152 (23) | 151 (24) | |
4th | 629 (19) | 68 (23) | 62 (17) | 152 (23) | 85 (14) | |
5th (most deprived) | 672 (21) | 44 (15) | 77 (21) | 139 (21) | 116 (18) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 195 (59) | 195 (65) | 225 (63) | 423 (63) | 439 (70) | <0.001 |
Cohabiting | 998 (31) | 84 (28) | 107 (30) | 184 (27) | 153 (24) | |
Other | 330 (10) | 23 (8) | 27 (8) | 68 (10) | 38 (6) | |
Country of birth | ||||||
UK | 2498 (80) | 238 (81) | 286 (83) | 482 (75) | 456 (77) | 0.005 |
Other | 633 (20) | 55 (19) | 59 (17) | 165 (26) | 137 (23) | |
OBSTETRIC | ||||||
Monitoring of baby in labour | ||||||
Noc | 269 (8) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1) | 88 (13) | 33 (27) | <0.001 |
Stethoscope/sonicaid | 845 (26) | 23 (8) | 23 (6) | 23 (4) | 3 (2) | |
Intermittent | 674 (21) | 51 (17) | 64 (18) | 95 (14) | 25 (20) | |
Constant | 1344 (41) | 221 (73) | 255 (71) | 444 (67) | 56 (45) | |
Other | 11 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.8) | |
Don’t know | 128 (4) | 5 (2) | 13 (4) | 11 (1.7) | 6 (5) | |
Duration of labour (hours) | ||||||
≤ 7 | 1825 (59) | 64 (22) | 60 (17) | ------ | ------ | <0.001 |
8-11 | 448 (15) | 58 (20) | 58 (16) | |||
12-17 | 356 (12) | 67 (23) | 71 (20) | |||
≥18 | 468 (15) | 109 (37) | 165 (47) |