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Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression models for the association between terminated pregnancy and single entity IPV against women

From: Community-level influences on women's experience of intimate partner violence and terminated pregnancy in Nigeria: a multilevel analysis

Characteristics

Terminated pregnancy

Physical IPV

Sexual IPV

Emotional IPV

Any IPV

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

Crude

Adjusted

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95 % CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Physical IPV

  Yes (No = reference)

1.46 (1.30 – 1.65)

1.52 (1.21 – 1.91)

-

-

-

-

-

-

Sexual IPV

  Yes (No = reference)

-

-

1.60 (1.30 – 1.97)

1.62 (1.07 – 2.44)

-

-

-

-

Emotional IPV

  Yes (No = reference)

-

-

-

-

1.39 (1.23 – 1.56)

1.21 (0.97 – 1.57)

-

-

Physical, emotional or sexual IPV

  Yes (reference: No)

-

-

-

-

-

 

1.50 (1.35 – 1.66)

1.44 (1.19 – 1.76)

Controlling behavior

  Yes

 

3.25 (2.62 – 4.02)

 

4.02 (2.50 – 6.47)

 

2.74 (2.24 – 3.34)

 

3.02 (2.54 – 3.60)

  No

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Justifying wife beating

  Yes

 

1.59 (1.31 – 1.94)

 

2.13 (1.43 – 3.17)

 

1.21 (1.00 – 1.46)

 

1.37 (1.16 – 1.62)

  No

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Decision-making autonomy

  Yes

 

1.31 (1.06 – 1.63)

 

1.63 (1.06 – 2.51)

 

1.00 (0.82 – 1.23)

 

1.14 (0.95 – 1.37)

  No

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Spouses’ relative earnings

  Woman earns less

 

1.08 (0.74 – 2.59)

 

2.53 (0.87 – 7.35)

 

1.26 (0.84 – 1.90)

 

1.04 (0.74 – 1.46)

  Woman earns same

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  Woman earns more

 

1.33 (0.80 – 2.22)

 

5.49 (1.67 - 18.01)

 

2.23 (1.32 – 3.75)

 

1.56 (1.00 – 2.44)

  Partner does not contribute

 

0.72 (0.41 – 1.26)

 

2.51 (0.69 – 9.19)

 

3.42 (2.09 – 5.60)

 

2.11 (1.38 – 3.24)

Spouses’ relative education

  Woman has less

 

1.02 (0.35 – 2.92)

 

0.61 (0.07– 5.18)

 

1.62 (0.72 – 3.66)

 

1.51 (0.70 – 3.23)

  Woman has same

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  Woman has more

 

1.15 (0.91 – 1.44)

 

1.60 (1.03 – 2.48)

 

1.25 (0.49 – 1.59)

 

1.17 (0.96 – 1.43)

Spouses’ relative age

  Woman younger

 

1.58 (0.69 – 3.60)

 

1.36 (0.29 – 6.35)

 

1.47 (0.67 – 3.25)

 

1.77 (0.87 – 3.58)

  Woman same age

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  Woman older

 

0.75 (0.21 – 2.65)

 

0.51 (0.04 – 6.77)

 

1.15 (0.37 – 3.58)

 

1.16 (0.42 – 3.24)

Women’s age

  ≤ 24

 

1.12 (0.86 – 1.45)

 

1.71 (1.05 – 2.78)

 

0.89 (0.70 – 1.13)

 

0.98 (0.79 – 1.21)

  25 - 34

 

1.34 (1.10 – 1.62)

 

1.39 (0.94 – 2.06)

 

0.92 (0.76 – 1.11)

 

1.03 (0.87 – 1.21)

  ≥ 35

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Women’s education

  No education

 

0.75 (0.55 – 1.02)

 

0.97 (0.53 – 1.76)

 

0.96 (0.71 – 1.29)

 

0.82 (0.63 – 1.07)

  Primary school

 

0.64 (0.49 – 0.83)

 

0.67 (0.41 – 1.11)

 

0.60 (0.46 – 0.78)

 

0.65 (0.52 – 0.82)

  Secondary school or higher

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Employment status

  Unemployed

 

0.79 (0.48 – 1.29)

 

0.70 (0.26 – 1.90)

 

0.47 (0.30 – 0.73)

 

0.53 (0.36 – 0.78)

  Employed

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Marital status

  Married

 

0.95 (0.79 – 1.16)

 

0.92 (0.76 – 1.21)

 

0.96 (0.79 – 1.17)

 

0.96 (0.79 – 1.17)

  Single

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Modern contraceptive use

  Yes

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  No

 

1.55 (1.21 – 1.73)

 

2.63 (1.39 – 3.88)

 

1.04 (0.84 – 1.85)

 

1.54 (0.74 – 1.70)

Place of residence

  Urban

 

0.55 (0.41 – 0.73)

 

0.53 (0.31 – 0.88)

 

0.64 (0.48 – 0.85)

 

0.54 (0.42 – 0.70)

  Rural

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

Community mean education

 

1.12 (1.06 – 1.20)

 

1.09 (0.97 – 1.22)

 

1.14 (1.07 – 1.21)

 

1.16 (1.10 – 1.23)

Community justify wife beating

  Low

 

0.70 (0.52 – 0.94)

 

0.90 (0.51 – 1.58)

 

0.78 (0.58 – 1.05)

 

0.75 (0.57 – 0.97)

  Median

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  High

 

0.98 (0.73 – 1.30)

 

1.46 (0.86 – 2.48)

 

0.43 (0.69 – 1.24)

 

0.84 (0.64 – 1.09)

Community mean age of marriage

 

1.02 (0.95 – 1.10)

 

1.09 (0.96 – 1.25)

 

0.90 (0.83 – 0.97)

 

0.91 (0.85 – 0.97)

Community contraceptive use

  Low

 

1.64 (1.12 – 1.92)

 

1.39 (1.14 – 2.06)

 

1.02 (0.86 – 1.18)

 

1.03 (0.87 – 1.23)

  Median

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

  High

 

0.75 (0.69 – 0.95)

 

0.71 (0.46 – 0.93)

 

0.80 (0.57 – 1.28)

 

0.65 (0.62 – 0.82)

Random effects

Neighbourhood variance (SE)

1.038 (0.083)

0.865 (0.140)

1.362 (0.172)

1.550 (0.389)

0.708 (0.062)

1.032 (0.149)

0.799 (0.060)

0.899 (0.119)

Intra-class correlation (ICC)

0.240

0.208

0.293

0.320

0.177

0.239

0.195

0.215