Characteristics | Terminated pregnancy | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical IPV | Sexual IPV | Emotional IPV | Any IPV | |||||
Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Physical IPV | ||||||||
  Yes (No = reference) | 1.46 (1.30 – 1.65) | 1.52 (1.21 – 1.91) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sexual IPV | ||||||||
  Yes (No = reference) | - | - | 1.60 (1.30 – 1.97) | 1.62 (1.07 – 2.44) | - | - | - | - |
Emotional IPV | ||||||||
  Yes (No = reference) | - | - | - | - | 1.39 (1.23 – 1.56) | 1.21 (0.97 – 1.57) | - | - |
Physical, emotional or sexual IPV | ||||||||
  Yes (reference: No) | - | - | - | - | - |  | 1.50 (1.35 – 1.66) | 1.44 (1.19 – 1.76) |
Controlling behavior | ||||||||
  Yes |  | 3.25 (2.62 – 4.02) |  | 4.02 (2.50 – 6.47) |  | 2.74 (2.24 – 3.34) |  | 3.02 (2.54 – 3.60) |
  No |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Justifying wife beating | ||||||||
  Yes |  | 1.59 (1.31 – 1.94) |  | 2.13 (1.43 – 3.17) |  | 1.21 (1.00 – 1.46) |  | 1.37 (1.16 – 1.62) |
  No |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Decision-making autonomy | ||||||||
  Yes |  | 1.31 (1.06 – 1.63) |  | 1.63 (1.06 – 2.51) |  | 1.00 (0.82 – 1.23) |  | 1.14 (0.95 – 1.37) |
  No |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Spouses’ relative earnings | ||||||||
  Woman earns less |  | 1.08 (0.74 – 2.59) |  | 2.53 (0.87 – 7.35) |  | 1.26 (0.84 – 1.90) |  | 1.04 (0.74 – 1.46) |
  Woman earns same |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  Woman earns more |  | 1.33 (0.80 – 2.22) |  | 5.49 (1.67 - 18.01) |  | 2.23 (1.32 – 3.75) |  | 1.56 (1.00 – 2.44) |
  Partner does not contribute |  | 0.72 (0.41 – 1.26) |  | 2.51 (0.69 – 9.19) |  | 3.42 (2.09 – 5.60) |  | 2.11 (1.38 – 3.24) |
Spouses’ relative education | ||||||||
  Woman has less |  | 1.02 (0.35 – 2.92) |  | 0.61 (0.07– 5.18) |  | 1.62 (0.72 – 3.66) |  | 1.51 (0.70 – 3.23) |
  Woman has same |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  Woman has more |  | 1.15 (0.91 – 1.44) |  | 1.60 (1.03 – 2.48) |  | 1.25 (0.49 – 1.59) |  | 1.17 (0.96 – 1.43) |
Spouses’ relative age | ||||||||
  Woman younger |  | 1.58 (0.69 – 3.60) |  | 1.36 (0.29 – 6.35) |  | 1.47 (0.67 – 3.25) |  | 1.77 (0.87 – 3.58) |
  Woman same age |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  Woman older |  | 0.75 (0.21 – 2.65) |  | 0.51 (0.04 – 6.77) |  | 1.15 (0.37 – 3.58) |  | 1.16 (0.42 – 3.24) |
Women’s age | ||||||||
  ≤ 24 |  | 1.12 (0.86 – 1.45) |  | 1.71 (1.05 – 2.78) |  | 0.89 (0.70 – 1.13) |  | 0.98 (0.79 – 1.21) |
  25 - 34 |  | 1.34 (1.10 – 1.62) |  | 1.39 (0.94 – 2.06) |  | 0.92 (0.76 – 1.11) |  | 1.03 (0.87 – 1.21) |
  ≥ 35 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Women’s education | ||||||||
  No education |  | 0.75 (0.55 – 1.02) |  | 0.97 (0.53 – 1.76) |  | 0.96 (0.71 – 1.29) |  | 0.82 (0.63 – 1.07) |
  Primary school |  | 0.64 (0.49 – 0.83) |  | 0.67 (0.41 – 1.11) |  | 0.60 (0.46 – 0.78) |  | 0.65 (0.52 – 0.82) |
  Secondary school or higher |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Employment status | ||||||||
  Unemployed |  | 0.79 (0.48 – 1.29) |  | 0.70 (0.26 – 1.90) |  | 0.47 (0.30 – 0.73) |  | 0.53 (0.36 – 0.78) |
  Employed |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Marital status | ||||||||
  Married |  | 0.95 (0.79 – 1.16) |  | 0.92 (0.76 – 1.21) |  | 0.96 (0.79 – 1.17) |  | 0.96 (0.79 – 1.17) |
  Single |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Modern contraceptive use | ||||||||
  Yes |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  No |  | 1.55 (1.21 – 1.73) |  | 2.63 (1.39 – 3.88) |  | 1.04 (0.84 – 1.85) |  | 1.54 (0.74 – 1.70) |
Place of residence | ||||||||
  Urban |  | 0.55 (0.41 – 0.73) |  | 0.53 (0.31 – 0.88) |  | 0.64 (0.48 – 0.85) |  | 0.54 (0.42 – 0.70) |
  Rural |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Community mean education |  | 1.12 (1.06 – 1.20) |  | 1.09 (0.97 – 1.22) |  | 1.14 (1.07 – 1.21) |  | 1.16 (1.10 – 1.23) |
Community justify wife beating | ||||||||
  Low |  | 0.70 (0.52 – 0.94) |  | 0.90 (0.51 – 1.58) |  | 0.78 (0.58 – 1.05) |  | 0.75 (0.57 – 0.97) |
  Median |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  High |  | 0.98 (0.73 – 1.30) |  | 1.46 (0.86 – 2.48) |  | 0.43 (0.69 – 1.24) |  | 0.84 (0.64 – 1.09) |
Community mean age of marriage |  | 1.02 (0.95 – 1.10) |  | 1.09 (0.96 – 1.25) |  | 0.90 (0.83 – 0.97) |  | 0.91 (0.85 – 0.97) |
Community contraceptive use | ||||||||
  Low |  | 1.64 (1.12 – 1.92) |  | 1.39 (1.14 – 2.06) |  | 1.02 (0.86 – 1.18) |  | 1.03 (0.87 – 1.23) |
  Median |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
  High |  | 0.75 (0.69 – 0.95) |  | 0.71 (0.46 – 0.93) |  | 0.80 (0.57 – 1.28) |  | 0.65 (0.62 – 0.82) |
Random effects | ||||||||
Neighbourhood variance (SE) | 1.038 (0.083) | 0.865 (0.140) | 1.362 (0.172) | 1.550 (0.389) | 0.708 (0.062) | 1.032 (0.149) | 0.799 (0.060) | 0.899 (0.119) |
Intra-class correlation (ICC) | 0.240 | 0.208 | 0.293 | 0.320 | 0.177 | 0.239 | 0.195 | 0.215 |