Table 3 Temporal Trends in atonic postpartum hemorrhage by maternal, fetal and obstetrical characteristics, British Columbia, 2000-2009
From: Trends in postpartum hemorrhage from 2000 to 2009: a population-based study
All years | Rate per 100 deliveries | 2009 vs. 2000 | P for trend2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n1 | rate | 2000 | 2001 | 2008 | 2009 | RR | 95% CI | ||
Parity | |||||||||
Nulliparous | 12,237 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 1.39 | 1.29-1.51 | <0.001 |
Parous | 9,863 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 1.24 | 1.14-1.35 | <0.001 |
Maternal age (years) | |||||||||
<20 | 953 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 8.5 | 7.6 | 1.26 | 0.97-1.62 | <0.001 |
20-34 | 16,641 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 1.34 | 1.26-1.43 | <0.001 |
≥35 | 4,506 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 1.34 | 1.18-1.53 | <0.001 |
BMI | |||||||||
Underweight | 1,032 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 1.43 | 1.09-1.87 | <0.001 |
Normal | 9,960 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 1.33 | 1.22-1.47 | <0.001 |
Overweight | 2,977 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 1.39 | 1.19-1.62 | <0.001 |
Obese | 1,583 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 1.31 | 1.06-1.63 | <0.001 |
Plurality | |||||||||
Singleton | 21,529 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 1.33 | 1.25-1.41 | <0.001 |
Multiple | 571 | 9.2 | 7.1 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 1.33 | 0.91-1.95 | <0.001 |
Birthweight (grams) | |||||||||
<2500 | 794 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 1.17 | 0.85-1.61 | 0.03 |
2500-3999 | 17,353 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 1.37 | 1.29-1.47 | <0.001 |
≥4000 | 3,939 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 1.24 | 1.09-1.41 | <0.001 |
Gestational age (weeks) | |||||||||
<28 | 68 | 2.0 | 2.14 | 0.69 | 3.13 | 1.5 | 0.71 | 0.25-2.01 | 0.53 |
28-36 | 1,477 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 1.55 | 1.21-1.97 | <0.001 |
37-41 | 20,115 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 1.33 | 1.25-1.41 | <0.001 |
≥42 | 396 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 1.03 | 0.68-1.57 | 0.52 |
Vaginal delivery | |||||||||
Spontaneous | 14,400 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 1.33 | 1.24-1.42 | <0.001 |
Instrumental | 5,141 | 11.5 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 1.59 | 1.42-1.79 | <0.001 |
Cesarean delivery | |||||||||
No labour | 912 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.28 | 0.94-1.73 | <0.001 |
With labour, no induction | 1,001 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 1.92 | 1.43-2.58 | <0.001 |
With induction | 646 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 1.74 | 1.20-2.54 | <0.001 |
Previous cesarean | |||||||||
Yes | 1,426 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.08 | 0.86-1.34 | 0.001 |
No | 20,674 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 1.37 | 1.30-1.46 | <0.001 |
Induction of labour | |||||||||
Yes | 5,648 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 1.41 | 1.26-1.58 | <0.001 |
No | 16,452 | 5.1 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 1.31 | 1.22-1.40 | <0.001 |
Augmentation of labour (oxytocin) | |||||||||
Yes | 4,561 | 7.2 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 1.41 | 1.24-1.61 | <0.001 |
No | 17,539 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 1.31 | 1.23-1.39 | <0.001 |
Epidural analgesia | |||||||||
Yes | 8,096 | 7.0 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 1.44 | 1.30-1.59 | <0.001 |
No | 14,004 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 1.27 | 1.19-1.36 | <0.001 |