Characteristics | Birth Status | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Term n = 117 | Preterm n = 15 |  |  |  |
Maternal age (years) | 117 | 15 | 1.03 | 0.91 - 1.16 | 0.601 |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.692 |
   Housewife | 112 | 14 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Working | 5 | 1 | 1.60 | 0.17 - 14.70 |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.805 |
   Muhajir | 57 | 6 | 0.66 | 0.17 - 2.54 |  |
   Memon | 25 | 4 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Others | 35 | 5 | 0.89 | 0.22 - 3.66 |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.396 |
No education or some Schooling | 34 | 6 | 1.00 | Â | Â |
   Intermediate and above | 83 | 9 | 0.61 | 0.20 - 1.86 |  |
Education level of husband | Â | Â | Â | 0.023 | |
No education or some schooling | 22 | 7 | 1.00 | Â | Â |
   Intermediate and above | 95 | 8 | 0.26 | 0.087- 0.01 |  |
Monthly Income (Rs.) | Â | Â | 0.438 | ||
   < 10,000 | 25 | 5 | 1.00 |  |  |
   ≥ 10,000 | 80 | 10 | 0.62 | 0.20 - 2.00 |  |
Family system | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.683 |
   Joint family system | 84 | 10 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Nuclear family system | 33 | 5 | 1.27 | 0.40 - 4.00 |  |
Nature of work | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.698 |
   Sitting | 7 | 1 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Standing | 15 | 3 | 1.40 | 0.12 - 16.0 |  |
   Walking | 30 | 3 | 0.70 | 0.06 - 7.78 |  |
   All | 34 | 6 | 1.24 | 0.13 - 11.93 |  |
   Standing/walking | 31 | 2 | 0.45 | 0.04 - 5.71 |  |
Hours of walking | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 to 2 hours per day | 35 | 4 | 1.00 |  | 0.649 |
   3 to 5 hours per day | 69 | 8 | 1.01 | 0.29 - 3.60 |  |
   > 5 hours per day | 13 | 3 | 1.02 | 0.40 - 10.3 |  |
Hours of standing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 to 2 hours per day | 21 | 3 | 1.00 |  | 0.539 |
   3 to 5 hours per day | 84 | 9 | 0.75 | 0.19 - 3.01 |  |
   > 5 hours per day | 12 | 3 | 1.75 | 0.30 - 10.1 |  |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.035 |
   Primiparous | 46 | 2 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Multiparous | 71 | 13 | 4.21 | 0.91 - 19.53 |  |
Number of children | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.145 |
   0 | 53 | 3 | 1.00 |  |  |
   1-2 | 51 | 10 | 3.46 | 0.90 - 13.31 |  |
   > 2 | 13 | 2 | 2.72 | 0.41 - 17.98 |  |
Sex of children at home | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Female (no/yes) | 77/40 | 7/8 | 2.20 | 0.74 - 6.50 | 0.155 |
   Male (no/yes) | 73/44 | 4/11 | 4.56 | 1.37 - 15.21 | 0.008 |
Nature of present pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
   Planned (no/yes) | 33/84 | 6/9 | 1.70 | 0.56 - 5.15 | 0.358 |
History of preterm birth (no/yes) | 110/7 | 13/2 | 0.41 | 0.08 - 2.20 | 0.334 |
History of Abortion (no/yes) | 95/22 | 14/1 | 3.24 | 0.40 - 26.0 | 0.198 |
Visit to Antenatal Clinic | Â | Â | Â | 0.990 | |
   First trimester | 70 | 9 | 1.00 |  |  |
   Second/third trimester | 47 | 6 | 0.99 | 0.33 - 2.97 |  |
Hb Level | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.180 |
   low | 20 | 1 | 1.00 |  |  |
   normal | 76 | 13 | 3.42 | 0.42 - 27.73 |  |
Cortisol | 111 | 14 | 0.98 | 0.91 - 1.05 | 0.507 |
Stress | 117 | 15 | 0.96 | 0.86 - 1.08 | 0.519 |
Depression | 117 | 15 | 1.01 | 0.96 - 1.06 | 0.697 |