Skip to main content

Table 3 Significant predictors of preterm birth

From: The association between parity, infant gender, higher level of paternal education and preterm birth in Pakistan: a cohort study

Characteristics

Birth Status

Odds ratio

95% CI

p value*

 

Term

n = 117

Preterm

n = 15

   

Maternal age (years)

117

15

1.03

0.91 - 1.16

0.601

Occupation

    

0.692

   Housewife

112

14

1.00

  

   Working

5

1

1.60

0.17 - 14.70

 

Ethnicity

    

0.805

   Muhajir

57

6

0.66

0.17 - 2.54

 

   Memon

25

4

1.00

  

   Others

35

5

0.89

0.22 - 3.66

 

Education level

    

0.396

No education or some

Schooling

34

6

1.00

  

   Intermediate and above

83

9

0.61

0.20 - 1.86

 

Education level of husband

   

0.023

No education or some

schooling

22

7

1.00

  

   Intermediate and above

95

8

0.26

0.087- 0.01

 

Monthly Income (Rs.)

  

0.438

   < 10,000

25

5

1.00

  

   ≥ 10,000

80

10

0.62

0.20 - 2.00

 

Family system

    

0.683

   Joint family system

84

10

1.00

  

   Nuclear family system

33

5

1.27

0.40 - 4.00

 

Nature of work

    

0.698

   Sitting

7

1

1.00

  

   Standing

15

3

1.40

0.12 - 16.0

 

   Walking

30

3

0.70

0.06 - 7.78

 

   All

34

6

1.24

0.13 - 11.93

 

   Standing/walking

31

2

0.45

0.04 - 5.71

 

Hours of walking

     

   0 to 2 hours per day

35

4

1.00

 

0.649

   3 to 5 hours per day

69

8

1.01

0.29 - 3.60

 

   > 5 hours per day

13

3

1.02

0.40 - 10.3

 

Hours of standing

     

   0 to 2 hours per day

21

3

1.00

 

0.539

   3 to 5 hours per day

84

9

0.75

0.19 - 3.01

 

   > 5 hours per day

12

3

1.75

0.30 - 10.1

 

Parity

    

0.035

   Primiparous

46

2

1.00

  

   Multiparous

71

13

4.21

0.91 - 19.53

 

Number of children

    

0.145

   0

53

3

1.00

  

   1-2

51

10

3.46

0.90 - 13.31

 

   > 2

13

2

2.72

0.41 - 17.98

 

Sex of children at home

     

   Female (no/yes)

77/40

7/8

2.20

0.74 - 6.50

0.155

   Male (no/yes)

73/44

4/11

4.56

1.37 - 15.21

0.008

Nature of present pregnancy

    

   Planned (no/yes)

33/84

6/9

1.70

0.56 - 5.15

0.358

History of preterm birth

(no/yes)

110/7

13/2

0.41

0.08 - 2.20

0.334

History of Abortion

(no/yes)

95/22

14/1

3.24

0.40 - 26.0

0.198

Visit to Antenatal Clinic

   

0.990

   First trimester

70

9

1.00

  

   Second/third trimester

47

6

0.99

0.33 - 2.97

 

Hb Level

    

0.180

   low

20

1

1.00

  

   normal

76

13

3.42

0.42 - 27.73

 

Cortisol

111

14

0.98

0.91 - 1.05

0.507

Stress

117

15

0.96

0.86 - 1.08

0.519

Depression

117

15

1.01

0.96 - 1.06

0.697

  1. CI = confidence interval. * = likelihood ratio statistic from the logistic regression model