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Table 2 Pooled estimate effect of dietary intervention during pregnancy on different outcomes

From: Systematic review of clinical trials on dietary interventions to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy among normal weight, overweight and obese women

Outcomes

Studies

Comparison

groups

Participants

Statistical method

Effect size (95% CI)

I2

Total GWG

      

   all data

10

11

1434

WMD (Random)

-1.92 kg (-3.65/- 0.19)

89%

   excluding Thornton and Wolff

8

9

1152

WMD (Fixed)

-1.01 kg (-1.58/-0.45)

43%

Weekly GWG

2

2

253

WMD (Random)

-0.26 kg/wk (-0.42/-0.09)

82%

GW above IOM guidelines

4

4

629

RR (Fixed)

0.90 (0.77/1.05)

0%

Weight retention

      

   6 wks postpartum

2

2

306

WMD (Fixed)

0.58 (0.13/1.03)

12%

   6 mths postpatum

3

3

443

WMD (Random)

-1.90 (-2.69/-1.12)

63%

Preeclampsia

6

6

1025

WMD (Fixed)

0.78 (0.58/1.06)

0%

Gestational diabetes

6

6

886

WMD (Fixed)

0.74 (0.52/1.06)

31%

Cesarean section

      

   all data

6

6

841

RR (Random)

0.82 (0.60/1.09)

61%

   excluding Thornton

5

5

609

RR (Fixed)

0.75 (0.60/0.94)

0%

Mean birth weight

      

   all data

7

8

1048

WMD (Random)

-34.8 g (-162.6/93.0)

77%

   excluding Badrawi

6

7

949

WMD (Fixed)

34.5 g (-27.4/93.5)

0%

Low birth weight

2

2

531

RR (Fixed)

1.30 (0.8/2.10)

0%

Macrosomia

6

6

1023

RR (Fixed)

0.94 (0.62/1.35)

33%

Mean gestational age

7

8

1167

WMD (Fixed)

0.22 (0.01/0.42)

0%

Preterm birth

4

4

873

RR (Fixed)

0.83 (0.51/1.34)

0%

  1. CI - confidence interval, GWG - gestational weight gain, IOM - Institute of Preventive Medicine, wks - weeks, mths - months WMD - weighted mean difference, RR - relative risk