Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted associations between alcohol drinking during pregnancy and potential predictors

Household income (Canadian dollars)

   <$30,000

925

77 (8.3)

1

1

   $30,000 to less than $60,000

1,771

173 (9.8)

1.20 (0.89, 1.61)

0.90 (0.63,1.28)

   $60,000 to less than $100,000

1,882

241 (12.8)

1.62 (1.23, 2.14)

1.08 (0.75, 1.56)

   ≥$100,000

1,180

151 (12.8)

1.62 (1.19, 2.20)

0.94 (0.61, 1.44)

Place of residence

   Rural area

1,034

138 (13.3)

1

1

   Urban, population ≤499,999

2,130

196 (9.2)

0.66 (0.51, 0.84)

0.77 (0.59, 1.00)

   Urban, population ≥500,000

2,713

307 (11.3)

0.83 (0.66, 1.04)

0.95 (0.73, 1.23)

Immigrant

   No

4,673

566 (12.1)

2.09 (1.60, 2.71)

2.49 (1.77, 3.48)

   Yes

1,402

87 (6.2)

1

1

Work during pregnancy

   No

1,259

103 (8.2)

1

1

   Yes

4,822

551 (11.4)

1.44 (1.14, 1.84)

1.28 (0.95, 1.71)

Marital status

   No partner

462

37 (8.0)

1

1

   Have a partner

5,624

618 (11.0)

1.43 (1.00, 2.03)

2.00 (1.20, 3.31)

Moms perceived health

   Excellent/very good

4,448

489 (11.0)

1

--

   Good

1,333

141 (10.6)

0.96 (0.77, 1.19)

--

   Poor/Fair

304

25 (8.2)

0.71 (0.44, 1.15)

--

Smoking during pregnancy

   No

5,499

570 (10.4)

1

1

   Yes

588

84 (14.3)

1.45 (1.12, 1.87)

1.54 (1.10, 4.14)

Health problems during pregnancy

   No

4,603

508 (11.0)

1

--

   Yes

1,478

146 (9.9)

0.88 (0.72, 1.08)

--

Reaction when discovered pregnancy

   Very happy/happy

5,660

586 (10.4)

1

1

   Indifferent

242

35 (14.5)

1.47 (1.00, 2.17)

1.89 (1.21, 2.94)

   Very unhappy/Unhappy

163

28 (17.2)

1.77 (1.13, 2.79)

2.50 (1.47, 4.24)

Attended prenatal classes

   No

4,095

442 (10.8)

1.02 (0.84, 1.23)

--

   Yes

1,990

211 (10.6)

1

--

Support during pregnancy

   None/Little of time

313

39 (12.5)

1.24 (0.86, 1.79)

1.13 (0.72, 1.77)

   Some of the time

478

66 (13.8)

1.38 (1.02, 1.85)

1.37 (0.97, 1.93)

   Most/All of time

5276

547 (10.4)

1

1

Province‡

   Eastern-Atlantic

365

15 (4.1)

1

1

   Eastern-Central

3,918

541 (13.8)

3.72 (2.77, 4.99)

3.89 (2.80, 5.39)

   Western-Prairies

1,101

44 (4.0)

0.98 (0.65, 1.45)

0.94 (0.61, 1.46)

   Western-British Columbia

704

55 (7.8)

1.95 (1.27, 3.00)

2.14 (1.35, 3.40)

Alcohol Drinking During Pregnancy

Non-Alcohol drinking during pregnancy

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Years of education

6,046

15.49 (3.24)

14.91 (2.94)

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

Age at first pregnancy

6,017

25.83 (5.61)

25.45 (5.23)

--

Number of past pregnancies

6,080

2.55 (1.71)

2.26 (1.38)

1.09 (1.02, 1.17)

Mother's age at selected birth

6,051

30.90 (4.98)

29.64 (5.16)

1.04 (1.02, 1.07)

Weight gained during pregnancy

6,019

15.49 (6.07)

15.63 (7.54)

--

Number of stressful events

6,040

1.33 (1.49)

1.22 (1.46)

--

Number of prenatal visits

5,838

12.33 (4.56)

13.00 (4.68)

0.97 (0.94, 0.99)