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Table 1 Demographic and health characteristics and experiences of IPV in the last year among 1897 pregnant women in Guatemala City, 20061, 2

From: Increased risk of miscarriage among women experiencing physical or sexual intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Guatemala City, Guatemala: cross-sectional study

 

All

(n = 1897)

n(%)

Any IPV

(n = 348)

n(%)

Physical IPV

(n = 181)

n(%)

Sexual IPV

(n = 61)

n(%)

Verbal IPV

(n = 310)

n(%)

Age

     

   15-19

437 (23)

73 (21)

34 (19)

11 (18)

68 (22)

   20-24

538 (28)

90 (26)

60 (33)

13 (21)

76 (25)

   25-29

413 (22)

74 (21)

34 (19)

9 (15)

68 (22)

   30-34

280 (15)

60 (17)

34 (19)

16 (26)**

55 (18)

   35-39

148 (8)

38 (11)*

14 (8)

9 (15)*

33 (11)*

   40-49

70 (4)

10 (0)

4 (2)

2 (3)

9 (3)

Indigenous ethnicity 3

329 (17)

52 (15)

33 (18)

13 (21)

48 (16)

Religion

     

   Catholic

961 (51)

162 (47)

86 (48)

33 (54)

139 (45)*

   Evangelical

666 (35)

119 (34)

56 (31)

18 (30)

108 (35)

   Other/none

269 (14)

67 (19)**

39 (22)**

10 (16)

63 (20)***

Civil Status

     

   Married

557 (29)

74 (21)***

40 (22)*

12 (20)

63 (20)***

   Living together

1046 (55)

192 (55)

92 (51)

27 (44)

181 (58)

   On own

294 (16)

82 (24)***

49 (27)***

22 (36)***

66 (21)**

Wealth Index 4

     

   Low

274 (14)

60 (17)

35 (19)*

8 (13)

55 (18)

   Medium

930 (49)

165 (47)

88 (49)

34 (56)

142 (46)

   High

693 (37)

123 (35)

58 (32)

19 (31)

113 (37)

Education 5

     

   None

287 (15)

37 (11)**

21 (12)

8 (13)

32 (10)**

   Primary

1012 (53)

204 (59)*

109 (60)*

40 (66)*

178 (57)

   Secondary

513 (27)

93 (27)

47 (26)

10 (16)

86 (28)

   Some College

85 (5)

14 (4)

4 (2)

3 (5)

14 (5)

Occupation housewife

1542 (81)

256 (74) ***

129 (71)***

42 (69)**

228 (74)***

Sexual abuse age 12 or less

181 (10)

61 (18)***

40 (22)***

16 (26)***

56 (18)***

Pregnancy planned

683 (36)

93 (27)***

51 (28)*

17 (28)

84 (27)***

Risk behaviours 6

     

   Alcohol

93 (5)

35 (10)***

19 (11)***

9 (15)***

32 (10)***

   Tobacco

50 (3)

20 (6)***

13 (7)***

6 (10)***

17 (6)***

   Illegal drugs

33 (2)

12 (4)**

9 (5)***

5 (8)***

11 (4)**

Syphilis 7

12 (1)

2 (1)

1 (1)

2 (3)

1 (0)

Miscarriage 8

190 (10)

47 (14)*

28 (16)**

12 (20)*

44 (14)**

  1. 1Statistically significant differences denoted as: * p < = 0.05, ** p < = 0.01, *** p < = 0.001
  2. 2Characteristics of the total sample are presented in the column labelled "All". For a given row variable, p-values refer to a comparison between the group designated in the column heading and its complement. For example, the column "Any IPV" compares those responding "yes" either to physical IPV or sexual IPV or verbal IPV versus those responding "no" to all of these questions. The column "Physical IPV" compares those responding "yes" to physical IPV versus those responding "no" to physical IPV.
  3. 3Ethnicity was self-identified; the rest of the sample identified as ladina
  4. 4An index of household goods ranging from 0-8. For purposes of presentation, we classified scores between 0-4 as low, 5-6 as medium, and 7-8 as high.
  5. 5Highest level of education completed.
  6. 6Consumption of alcohol or tobacco in the last 6 months, or lifetime consumption of illegal drugs.
  7. 7Syphilis cases were laboratory confirmed.
  8. 8The admitting physician assessed miscarriage.