Table 7 Overlapping multiple causes of stillbirths based on the non-hierarchical approach: antepartum and intrapartum (n = 1554)

Congenital abnormality (n = 25)

1

(4.0)

2

(8.0)

5

(20.0)

1

(4.0)

17

(68.0)

Maternal hemorrhage (n = 101)

1

(1.0)

6

(5.9)

23

(22.8)

2

(2.0)

73

(72.3)

Maternal hypertensive disorder (n = 90)

2

(2.2)

6

(6.7)

21

(23.3)

6

(6.7)

59

(65.6)

Maternal infections (n = 225)

5

(2.2)

23

(10.2)

21

(9.3)

6

(2.7)

175

(77.8)

Maternal severe anemia (n = 28)

1

(3.6)

2

(7.1)

6

(21.4)

6

(21.4)

16

(57.1)

Overlap with

Cause

Congenital abnormality (n = 5)

Intrapartum hypoxia (n = 322)

Preterm labour (n = 67)

Maternal hypertensive disorder (n = 53)

Maternal infections (n = 104)

No overlap with other causes

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

Congenital abnormality (n = 5)

3

(0.9)

1

(1.5)

0

(0.0)

2

(1.9)

0

(0.0)

Intrapartum hypoxia (n = 322)

3

(60.0)

23

(34.3)

23

(43.4)

61

(58.7)

220

(68.3)

Preterm labour (n = 67)

1

(20.0)

23

(7.1)

3

(5.7)

7

(6.7)

36

(53.7)

Maternal hypertensive disorder (n = 53)

0

(0.0)

23

(7.1)

3

(4.5)

10

(9.6)

21

(39.6)

Maternal infections (n = 104)

2

(40.0)

61

(18.9)

7

(10.4)

10

(18.9)

32

(30.8)