Table 1 Individual, household and community level characteristics and rates of EBF of children <6 months of age, Nigeria 2003 (n = 658).
Characteristic | Â | Â | Exclusive breastfeeding rates (<6 months, n = 658) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n | % | % 95% CI | Pvalue |
Individual level factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal working status (n = 657) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non-working | 293 | 44.6 | 14.2 (9.6 - 20.4) | Â |
Working (past 12 months) | 365 | 55.5 | 18.2 (13.5 - 24.0) | 0.338 |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No education | 333 | 50.6 | 11.0 (7.5 - 16.0) | Â |
Primary | 151 | 22.9 | 12.7 (7.8 - 20.0) | <0.001 |
Secondary and above | 175 | 26.6 | 29.7 (19.9 - 41.9) | Â |
Partner's education (n = 629) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No education | 254 | 40.4 | 10.6 (7.0 - 15.8) | Â |
Primary | 295 | 46.9 | 16.4 (11.5 - 22.7) | 0.003 |
Secondary and above | 80 | 12.8 | 30.6 (18.1 - 46.8) | Â |
Mother's age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
15-19 years | 264 | 40.1 | 15.4 (10.0 - 22.9) | Â |
20-34 years | 294 | 44.6 | 18.9 (13.7 - 25.5) | 0.358 |
35-49 years | 100 | 15.3 | 11.5 (5.7 - 22.0) | Â |
Marital status (n = 635) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Currently married | 623 | 98.1 | 15.5 (11.7 - 20.1) | Â |
Formerly married (div/sep/widow) | 12 | 1.9 | 35.3 (13.2 - 66.1) | 0.050 |
Birth order | Â | Â | Â | Â |
First-born | 144 | 21.9 | 23.6 (13.2 - 38.4) | Â |
2nd-4th | 296 | 44.9 | 16.5 (11.8 - 22.7) | 0.104 |
5 or more | 219 | 33.2 | 11.4 (7.4 - 17.1) | Â |
Preceding birth interval | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No previous birth | 144 | 21.9 | 23.6 (13.2 - 38.4) | Â |
<24 months | 73 | 11.1 | 25.8 (13.6 - 43.6) | 0.044 |
≥24 months | 441 | 67.1 | 12.5 (9.3 - 16.6) |  |
Sex of baby | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 345 | 52.5 | 15.2 (10.5 - 21.3) | Â |
Female | 313 | 47.5 | 17.7 (13.2 - 23.3) | 0.409 |
Age of child (months) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
0-2.9 | 303 | 46.1 | 22.2 (16.5-29.1) | Â |
3-5.9 | 355 | 53.9 | 10.7 (7.6 - 14.9) | <0.001 |
Place of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Home | 455 | 69.1 | 12.5 (8.8 - 17.5) | Â |
Health facility | 203 | 30.9 | 25.0 (17.5 - 34.4) | 0.003 |
Mode of delivery (n = 650) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
non-caesarean | 643 | 99.0 | 15.8 (12.0 - 20.6) | Â |
Caesarean section | 7 | 1.0 | 26.6 (7.2 - 62.7) | 0.104 |
Type of delivery assistance (n = 565) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Health professional | 221 | 39.1 | 23.3 (16.8 - 31.4) | Â |
Traditional birth attendance | 114 | 20.2 | 12.8 (6.5 - 23.7) | 0.045 |
Other | 230 | 40.7 | 14.3 (8.7 - 22.7) | Â |
Antenatal Clinic visits (n = 644) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 251 | 39.1 | 6.0 (3.5 - 10.2) | Â |
1-3. | 98 | 15.2 | 19.8 (11.5 - 31.8) | <0.001 |
4+ | 295 | 45.8 | 23.5 (17.2 - 31.2) | Â |
Timing of postnatal check-up | Â | Â | Â | Â |
0-2 days | 105 | 16.1 | 10.5 (5.1-10.2) | Â |
3-41 days | 21 | 3.2 | 6.7 (1.5 - 25.0) | <0.001 |
Did not receive postnatal check-up1 | 314 | 47.4 | 25.1 (18.7 - 32.9) | Â |
Missing | 218 | 33.2 | 6.7 (4.2 - 10.6) | Â |
Mother's BMI (n = 644) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< = 18.5 | 70 | 10.9 | 9.4 (4.5 - 18.7) | Â |
>18.5 | 573 | 89.1 | 17.6 (13.3 - 22.9) | 0.159 |
Size of baby (n = 652) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Small | 108 | 16.6 | 9.9 (4.5 - 20.4) | Â |
Average | 289 | 44.4 | 16.6 (12.4 - 21.9) | Â |
Large | 255 | 39.0 | 18.5 (12.2 - 27.1) | 0.364 |
Mothers Literacy (n = 648) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Can't read | 405 | 62.6 | 10.5 (7.3 - 14.7) | Â |
Read part/whole sentences | 243 | 37.5 | 25.7 (17.9 - 35.3) | <0.001 |
Household level factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Wealth Index | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poor | 285 | 43.4 | 8.3 (5.4 - 12.6) | Â |
Middle | 248 | 37.7 | 20.6 (14.5 - 28.5) | Â |
Rich | 124 | 18.9 | 26.4 (16.6 - 39.2) | <0.001 |
Decisions women have final say | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 310 | 47.1 | 16.5 (10.7 - 24.7) | Â |
1-2. | 212 | 32.2 | 13.8 (8.2 - 22.4) | 0.725 |
3-4. | 84 | 12.8 | 19.1 (11.6 - 29.9) | Â |
5 | 51 | 7.8 | 21.5 (9.9 - 40.7) | Â |
Community level factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 180 | 27.3 | 20.7 (14.7 - 28.4) | Â |
Rural | 478 | 72.7 | 14.7 (10.2 - 20.9) | 0.179 |
Geographical region | Â | Â | Â | Â |
North Central | 89 | 13.5 | 40.5 (29.7 - 52.5) | Â |
North East | 149 | 22.6 | 11.5 (5.3 - 23.0) | Â |
North West | 233 | 35.5 | 7.4 (4.4 - 12.3) | <0.001 |
South East | 35 | 5.3 | 9.6 (3.3 - 24.9) | Â |
South South | 85 | 13.0 | 14.7 (5.5 - 33.6) | Â |
South West | 67 | 10.1 | 32.2 (19.5 - 48.1) | Â |
Overall | 658 | 100 | 16.4 (12.6 - 21.1) | NA |