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Table 2 Descriptive overview of maternal characteristics in nulliparous women who have reported experienced violence before and/or during pregnancy compared to women not exposed to violence (n = 2652).

From: A multi-centre cohort study shows no association between experienced violence and labour dystocia in nulliparous women at term

Characteristics

Total

History of violence

P

(2-sided)

Violence

before pregnancy

P

(2-sided)

Violence

during pregnancy

P

(2-sided)

 

n (%)

Not exposed

n (%)

Exposed

n (%)

 

Not exposed

n (%)

Exposed

n (%)

 

Not exposed

n (%)

Exposed

n (%)

 

Total

2652 (100.0)

1712 (64.7)

940 (35.4)

 

1738 (65.5)

914 (34.5)

 

2586 (97.5)

66 (2.5)

 

Age, years

          

18 - 24

440 (16.5)

233 (13.6)

207 (22.1)

< 0.001

236 (13.6)

204 (22.4)

< 0.001

420 (16.3)

20 (30.8)

0.02

25 - 29

1300 (49.0)

884 (51.6)

416 (44.4)

 

901 (51.8)

399 (43.8)

 

1274 (49.3)

26 (40.0)

 

30 - 34

728 (27.5)

476 (27.8)

252 (26.9)

 

481 (27.7)

247 (27.1)

 

712 (27.6)

16 (24.6)

 

> 34

180 (6.8)

119 (7.0)

61 (6.5)

 

120 (6.9)

60 (6.6)

 

177 (6.7)

3 (4.6)

 

Missing

4 (0.2)

         

Country of

origin

          

Denmark

2452 (92.5)

1577 (92.1)

875 (93.1)

NS

1603 (92.2)

849 (92.9)

NS

2390 (92.4)

62 (93.9)

NS

Nordic countries

54 (2.0)

38 (2.2)

16 (1.7)

 

38 (2.2)

16 (1.8)

 

53 (2.0)

1 (1.5)

 

Other countries

146 (5.5)

97 (5.7)

49 (5.2)

 

97 (5.6)

49 (5.4)

 

143 (5.5)

3 (4.5)

 

Missing

0 (0.0)

         

Cohabiting

status

          

Yes

2517 (94.9)

1645 (99.7)

872 (98.8)

0.004

1668 (99.7)

849 (98.7)

0.003

2461 (99.5)

56 (94.9)

< 0.001

No

16 (0.6)

5 (0.3)

11 (1.2)

 

5 (0.3)

11 (1.3)

 

13 (0.5)

3 (5.1)

 

Missing

119 (4.5)

         

Education

status

          

> 10 years

2128 (80.3)

1436 (84.7)

692 (74.7)

< 0.001

1457 (84.6)

671 (74.6)

< 0.001

2083 (81.5)

45 (68.2)

< 0.006

≀10 years

494 (18.6)

260 (15.3)

234 (25.3)

 

265 (15.4)

229 (25.4)

 

473 (18.5)

21 (31.8)

 

Missing

30 (1.1)

         

Employment

status

          

Employed

1849 (69.7)

1237 (74.1)

612 (66.8)

< 0.001

1255 (74.0)

594 (66.7)

< 0.001

1805 (71.6)

44 (68.8)

NS

Unemployed

737 (27.8)

433 (25.9)

304 (33.2)

 

441 (26.0)

296 (33.3)

 

717 (28.4)

20 (31.2)

 

Missing

66 (2.5)

         

Smoking

          

No

1995 (75.2)

1377 (80.9)

618 (65.9)

< 0.001

1396 (80.8)

599 (65.7)

< 0.001

1953 (75.9)

42 (63.6)

0.022

Yes

645 (24.3)

325 (19.1)

320 (34.1)

 

332 (19.2)

313 (34.3)

 

621 (24.1)

24 (36.4)

 

Missing

12 (0.5)

         

Use of alcohol

          

No

1895 (71.5)

1240 (77.0)

655 (73.3)

NS

1256 (76.7)

639 (73.6)

NS

1851 (75.0)

44 (69.8)

NS

Yes

637 (24.0)

398 (24.3)

239 (26.7)

 

408(24.5)

229 (26.4)

 

618 (25.0)

19 (30.2)

 

Missing

120 (4.5)

         

BMI

          

Normal or low

(≀ 25)

1954 (73.7)

1261 (77.5)

693 (77.9)

NS

1282 (77.6)

672 (77.8)

NS

1902 (77.6)

52 (80.0)

NS

Overweight

(> 25)

563 (21.2)

366 (22.5)

197 (22.1)

 

371 (22.4)

192 (22.2)

 

550 (22.4)

13 (20.0)

 

Missing

135 (5.1)

         
  1. Statistical significance is accepted at p < 0.05
  2. † Same women can occur in more than one group
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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