Table 1 Maternal characteristics associated with GWG in three trimesters and its relationship with IOM recommendations
From: The impact of gestational weight gain on fetal and neonatal outcomes: the Araraquara Cohort Study
Charateristics | 1st trimester | 2st trimestre | 3rd trimestre |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years ) | 27 (22.1–31.8) | ||
Maternal Education (years ) | 11(10–11) | ||
Number of Previous delivery † | 1 (1–2) | ||
Number of people per room | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | ||
Per Capita Income in Brazilian Real (R$) † | 667 (409–1000) | ||
Race | |||
White | 753 (45.9) | ||
Non-white | 889 (54.1) | ||
Marital Status, n(%) | |||
Married or in a stable relationship | 1440 (87.7) | ||
Single, separated, or widowed | 202 (12.3) | ||
Pre-gestational BMI (kg /m²) † | 25.7 (22.2–30.4) | ||
Gestational BMI (kg /m²) † | 25.8 (22.2–30.2) | 27.4 (24.0-31.5) | 28.8 (25.6–32.9) |
Gestational Age (weeks) † | 13.6 (12.3–15.3) | 23.6 (22.1–25.1) | 33(31.7–34.1) |
Physical Activity | |||
Adequate | 181 (11) | 143 1 (8.7) | 181 (11) |
Inadequate | 578 (35.2) | 578 (35.2) | 578 (35.2) |
Smoking † | |||
No | 1513 (92.1) | 1422 (86.6) | 1308 (79.7) |
Yes | 129 (7.0) | 97 (5.9) | 79 (4.8) |
Alcohol Consumption | |||
No | 1309 (79.7) | 1384 (84.3) | 1288 (78.4) |
Yes | 333 (20.3) | 135 (8.2)) | 99 (6.0) |
Diabetes, n(%) † | |||
No | 1560 (95.0) | 1395 (85.0) | 1233 (75.1) |
Yes | 82 (5.0) | 123 (7.5) | 159 (9.7) |
Hypertension | |||
No | 1526 (92.9) | 1405 (85.6) | 1281 (78.0) |
Yes | 116 (7.1) | 113 (6.9) | 111 (6.8) |
Urinary Tract Infection | |||
No | 1449 (88.2) | 1414 (86.1) | 1306 (79.5) |
Yes | 193 (11.8) | 104 (6.3) | 86 (5.2) |
Cervicitis/Vaginitis | |||
No | 1531 (93.2) | 1424 (86.7) | 1322 (80.5) |
Yes | 111 (6.8) | 94 (5.7) | 70 (4.3) |
hs-CRP (ng/mL) | 6.0 (3.1–11.6) | 6.1 (3.4–11.6) † | 5 (3–10) † |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) † | 12.5 (11.9–13.1) | 11.8 (11.3–12.4) | 11.8 (11.3–12.4) |
Glycated Hemoglobin % | 5.1 (4.9–5.3) | 4.9 (4.6–5.1) | 5 (5–5) |
Fasting Insulin (uUI/mL) † | 7.0 (5–11) | 8.0 (6–12) | 10 (7–14) |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 173 (151–197) | 210 (184–239) | 226 (195–258) |
HDL-c (mg/dL) | 56.0 (48–64.0) † | 61.0 (53–71) † | 58 (50–68) |
LDL-c (mg/dL) | 95.0 (77–113) | 116.0 (95.5–139) | 127 (101–156) |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 104 (81–134) | 146 (113–185) | 186 (147–230) † |