Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis as a major type of premenopausal osteoporosis: a retrospective cohort study based on real-world data

Table 4 Comparison of fracture-causing factors in the pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) and control groups

	PLO (n = 56)	Control (n = 500)	OR	95%CI
Prescribed drugs
Glucocorticoids	3 (5.4%)	20 (4.2%)	1.25	0.36–4.40
Antiseizure medications	1 (1.8%)	2 (0.4%)	4.13	0.37–46.50
Disease
Rheumatoid arthritis	1 (1.8%)	5 (1.0%)	1.69	0.19–15.30
Diabetes mellitus	5 (8.9%)	38 (10.3%)	0.97	0.36–2.60
Eating disorder	1 (1.8%)	2 (0.4%)	4.33	0.38–48.8
Epilepsy	1 (1.8%)	5 (1.0%)	1.44	0.16–12.7
Absent, scanty, or rare menstruation	6 (10.7%)	14 (2.8%)	3.80	1.38–10.5
Female infertility associated with anovulation	17 (30.4%)	79 (15.8%)	2.10	1.12–3.92
Female infertility unspecified	20 (35.7%)	98 (19.6%)	2.02	1.11–3.68

Number, age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression

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