Table 3 Obstetrical factors associated with stillbirth
Variables | Category | Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | OR [95% CI] | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parity | 0 | 34 (34.0) | 45 (22.5) | 1.90 [1.10–3.27] | 0.02 |
1–3 | 56 (56.0) | 141 (70.5) | 1 | ||
>3 | 10 (10.0) | 14 (7.0) | 1.79 [0.73–4.30] | 0.181 | |
ANC location | No ANC | 22 (22) | 5 (2.5) | 16.93 [6.03–57.1] | < 0.001 |
Health centre | 40 (40.0) | 86 (43.0) | 1.87 [1.01–3.56] | 0.046 | |
District Hospital | 19 (19.0) | 32 (16.0) | 2.39 [1.11–5.16] | 0.021 | |
Regional Hospital | 19 (19.0) | 77 (38.5) | 1 | ||
Number of | 0 | 22 (22.0) | 5 (2.5) | 13.34 [4.96–43.4] | < 0.001 |
ANC done | 1–2 | 9 (9.0) | 29 (14.5) | 0.99 [0.40–2.27] | 0.965 |
3–4 | 38 (38.0) | 68 (34.0) | 1.76 [1.00-3.12] | 0.048 | |
≥ 5 | 31 (31.0) | 98 (49.0) | 1 | ||
GA at 1st ANC (weeks)* | ≤ 12 | 15 (20.3) | 24 (12.4) | 1 | |
> 12 | 59 (79.7) | 170 (87.6) | 0.55 [0.27–1.53] | 0.101 | |
History of stillbirth | Yes | 24 (24.0) | 6 (3.0) | 9.94 [4.12–28.1] | < 0.001 |
No | 76 (76.0) | 194 (97.0) | 1 | ||
Number of Ultrasound done** | 0 | 46 (49.9) | 51 (30.9) | 3.50 [1.28–11.4] | 0.013 |
1–2 | 42 (45.2) | 94 (57.0) | 1.75 [0.65–5.64] | 0.271 | |
≥ 3 | 5 (5.4) | 20 (12.1) | 1 | ||
Chorio- | Yes | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | ∞[U-∞] | 0.110F |
amnionitis | No | 98 (98.0) | 200 (100.0) | 1 | |
Use of IPT*** | Yes | 76 (76.0) | 168 (84.0) | 0.61 [0.31–1.21] | 0.156 |
No | 17 (17.0) | 23 (11.5) | 1 | ||
Number IPT*** | 0 | 17 (18.3) | 23 (12.0) | 1.49 [0.74–3.01] | 0.265 |
1 | 4 (4.3) | 17 (8.9) | 0.48 [0.15–1.48] | 0.198 | |
2 | 15 (16.1) | 36 (18.8) | 0.84 [0.43–1.66] | 0.617 | |
≥ 3 | 57 (61.3) | 115 (60.2) | 1 | ||
PROM | Yes | 17 (17.0) | 19 (9.5) | 1.95 [0.95–3.96] | 0.060 |
No | 83 (83.0) | 181 (90.5) | 1 | ||
GA at PROM (weeks) | 28 weeks to < 37 | 12 (70.6) | 4 (22.2) | 8.40 [1.83–38.57] | 0.006 |
≥ 37 | 5 (29.4) | 14 (77.8) | 1 | ||
Oligo-hydramnios | Yes | 9 (9.0) | 4 (2.0) | 4.85 [1.45–16.15] | 0.012 |
No | 91 (91.0) | 196 (98. 0) | 1 | ||
Post term pregnancy | Yes | 9 (9.0) | 15 (7.5) | 1.22 [0.51–2.89] | 0.652 |
No | 91 (91.0) | 185 (92.5) | 1 | ||
TORCH Serology | Not done | 71 (71.0) | 103 (51.5) | 2.29 [1.38–3.88] | 0.001 |
Done | 29 (29.0) | 97 (48.5) | 1 | ||
Infection in pregnancy | Yes | 29 (29.0) | 24 (12.0) | 2.98 [1.62–5.52] | < 0.001 |
No | 71 (71.0) | 176 (88.0) | 1 | ||
Placenta Previa | Yes | 4 (4.0) | 4 (2.0) | 2.04 [0.45–9.21] | 0.447 |
No | 96 (96.0) | 196 (98.0) | 1 | ||
Placenta abruption | Yes | 13 (13.0) | 1 (0.5) | 26.1 [5.04–640.5] | < 0.001 |
No | 87 (87.0) | 199 (99.5) | 1 |