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Table 2 Maternal characteristics

From: Neonatal outcomes according to different glucose threshold values in gestational diabetes: a register-based study

 

Controls

IADPSG

   

NICE

   
  

Untreated

 

Treated

 

Untreated

 

Treated

 
   

pª

 

pb

 

pª

 

pb

N (%)

3031 (61.4)

509 (10.3)

 

1292 (26.2)

 

166 (3.4)

 

612 (12.4)

 

Maternal age, years, mean (SD)

29.4 (5.29)

30.1 (5.49)

0.009

30.5 (5.56)

0.157

30.0 (5.35)

0.127

30.8 (5.74)

0.110

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)

25.6 (4.47)

27.3 (5.21)

 < 0.001

28.4 (5.93)

 < 0.001

25.9 (5.06)

0.456

28.8 (6.03)

 < 0.001

BMI categorized, n (%)

  

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

 

0.600

 

 < 0.001

 < 18.5 kg/m2

61 (2.05)

5 (1.00)

 

16 (1.26)

 

5 (3.03)

 

6 (1.00)

 

 18.5–24.9 kg/m2

1380 (46.3)

180 (36.1)

 

376 (29.6)

 

72 (43.6)

 

171 (28.6)

 

 25.0–29.9 kg/m2

1092 (36.6)

190 (38.1)

 

425 (33.5)

 

58 (35.2)

 

185 (30.9)

 

 30.0–34.9 kg/m2

341 (11.4)

80 (16.0)

 

283 (22.3)

 

21 (12.7)

 

144 (24.1)

 

 ≥ 35.0 kg/m2

107 (3.59)

44 (8.82)

 

170 (13.4)

 

9 (5.45)

 

92 (15.4)

 

Parity, n (%)

 Primiparity

1461 (48.2)

213 (41.8)

0.008

483 (37.4)

0.086

83 (50.0)

0.690

242 (39.5)

0.017

 P1

932 (30.7)

162 (31.8)

0.641

434 (33.6)

0.505

39 (23.5)

0.056

198 (32.4)

0.029

 P2

382 (12.6)

74 (14.5)

0.252

205 (15.9)

0.515

28 (16.9)

0.120

88 (14.4)

0.461

 P3

121 (4.0)

35 (6.9)

0.004

86 (6.7)

0.917

10 (6.0)

0.222

42 (6.9)

0.732

 P4 or more

135 (4.5)

25 (4.9)

0.730

84 (6.5)

0.228

6 (3.6)

0.703

42 (6.9)

0.146

Smoking during pregnancy, n (%)

366 (12.1)

65 (12.8)

0.770

214 (16.6)

0.042

16 (9.6)

0.333

106 (17.3)

0.015

Socioeconomic status, n (%)

  

0.885

 

0.267

 

0.033

 

0.328

 Upperwhite-collar worker

536 (17.7)

85 (16.7)

0.615

195 (15.1)

0.427

17 (10.2)

0.015

93 (15.2)

0.131

 Lowerwhite-collar worker

1017 (33.6)

167 (32.8)

0.761

439 (34.0)

0.658

56 (33.7)

1.000

210 (34.3)

0.927

 Blue-collar worker

399 (13.2)

68 (13.4)

0.944

211 (16.3)

0.129

31 (18.7)

0.047

99 (16.2)

0.482

 Other

519 (17.1)

93 (18.3)

0.527

207 (16.0)

0.261

30 (18.1)

0.833

93 (15.2)

0.401

OGTT performed < 24 weeks

331 (10.9)

119 (23.3)

 < 0.001

403 (31.2)

 < 0.001

38 (22.9)

 < 0.001

204 (33.3)

0.010

 OGTT performed c / abnormal d, weeks (SD)

26.7 (3.70) c

25.8 (5.06) d

 < 0.001

24.7 (6.48) d

 < 0.001

26.7 (4.81) d

0.999

24.9 (6.56) d

 < 0.001

 Insulin treatment, n (%)

-

-

-

135 (10.4)

 < 0.001

3 (1.8)

 < 0.001

86 (14.1)

 

 Caesarean section, n (%)

453 (14.9)

98 (19.3)

0.015

271 (21.0)

0.437

32 (19.3)

0.148

136 (22.2)

0.457

 Maternal hypertension, n (%)

225 (7.4)

49 (9.6)

0.089

151 (11.7)

0.213

16 (9.6)

0.364

82 (13.4)

 
  1. IADPSG The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups
  2. NICE The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
  3. SD Standard deviation
  4. BMI Body mass index, OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test
  5. ªp-value between the GDM group and controls
  6. bp-value between the treated and non-treated GDM groups
  7. cWeeks of gestation for the last OGTT performed for controls
  8. dWeeks of gestation for abnormal OGTT according to defined criteria
  9. Parity was categorised according to the number of deliveries: primiparity, one (P1), two (P2), three (P3) and four or more previous deliveries (P4)
  10. Upperwhite-collar workers included administrative, managerial, professional and related occupations; lowerwhite-collar workers included administrative and clerical occupations; blue-collar workers included manual labourers; and other included individuals who did not fit any of the above categories, including students, pensioners and self-employed
  11. A diagnosis of maternal hypertension included ICD-10 codes O10-O12.1 and O13-O14
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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