Table 1 Demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the study population

Maternal and pregnancy characteristics

 Age (years)

31.4 ± 3.8

32.5 ± 4.8

 Caucasian ethnicity

62 (100)

30 (100)

 BMI at enrolment (kg/m²)

23.8 (22.2–26.0)^†

21.4 (19.5–22.8)

 Nulliparity

32 (51.6)

19 (63.3)

 IVF

4 (6.5)

5 (16.7)

 Cigarette smoking

4 (6.5)

0

Pregnancy outcomes

 Gestational age at delivery (wk)

38 (37–39) ^†

39 (38–40)

 Cesarean section

41 (66.1) ^†

11 (36.7)

 Preeclampsia

5 (8.1) ^†

0

 Birth weight

3700 (3300–4090)*

3380 (3300–3567)

 Umbilical artery pH

7.25 (7.17–7.31)

7.29 (7.19–7.34)

 Neonatal hypoglycemia

28 (45.2) ^†

1 (3.3)

 NICU admission

10 (16.1)

2 (6.7)