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Table 2 Delivery, surgery, and hospitalization characteristics of the cohort

From: Risk factors for relaparotomy after a cesarean delivery: a case-control study

Variable

Relaparotomy group

N = 130

Control group

N = 260

P-value

 

Gestational age (weeks)

375/7 (30/7)

382/7(20/7)

0.19

 

Pre-term delivery

33 (25.4)

37 (14.2)

0.007

 

Fever during labor

9 (6.9)

10 (3.8)

0.183

 

Placental abruption

12 (9.2)

5 (1.9)

< 0.001

 

Amniotic fluid

  

0.032

 

 Clear

99 (76.2)

221 (85)

  

 Other (meconium or bloody)

31 (23.8)

39 (15)

  

Maternal hemoglobin prior to CD (g/dl)

12.2 ± 1.3

12.1 ± 1.1

0.224

 

Maternal platelet count prior to CD

186.1 ± 62

202.8 ± 58.6

0.249

 

Time of CD

  

0.286

 

 Morning (7–15)

62 (47.7)

112 (43.1)

  

 Evening (15–23)

45 (34.6)

111 (42.7)

  

 Nighttime (23 − 7)

23 (17.7)

37 (14.2)

  

Birthweight (grams)*

2875 ± 799

3062 ± 642

0.015

 

CD type

  

0.044

 

 Elective

60 (46.2)

148 (56.9)

  

 Urgent

70 (53.8)

122 (43.1)

  

Primary surgeon

  

0.128

 

 Attending

48 (36.9)

117 (45)

  

 Resident

48 (36.9)

117 (45)

  

Second stage CD

19 (14.6)

15 (5.8)

0.004

 

General anesthesia

12 (9.2)

11 (4.2)

0.048

 

Cesarean duration, minutes

41.5 ± 28.2

30.4 ± 11.6

< 0.001

 

Calling for assistance

25 (19.2)

14 (5.4)

< 0.001

 

Intra-abdominal adhesions

40 (30.8)

51 (19.6)

0.014

 

Uterine incision extensions

27 (20.8)

18 (6.9)

< 0.001

 

Bladder injury during the CD

0

2 (0.77)

N/A

 

Complicated CD**

62 (47.7)

70 (26.9)

< 0.001

 

EBL ≥ 1000 ml

23 (17.7)

14 (5.4)

< 0.001

 

TXA use during the CD

18 (13.8)

7 (2.7)

< 0.001

 

Use of a hemostatic agent

52 (40)

36 (13.8)

< 0.001

 

Use of a surgical suction drain

11 (8.5)

2 (0.8)

< 0.001

 

Excessive bleeding or the use of bleeding control measures ***

61 (46.9)

48 (18.5)

< 0.001

 

Tubectomy/tubal ligation

7 (5.4)

10 (3.8)

0.413

 

Suture of the uterus intra-abdominally

6 (4.6)

10 (3.8)

0.649

 

Packed red blood cell transfusion

91 (70)

4 (1.5)

< 0.001

 

Cesarean hysterectomy

1 (0.8)

0

N/A

 

Uterine rupture

2 (1.5)

0

N/A

 

Hysterectomy (excluding cesarean hysterectomy)

13 (10)

0

< 0.001

 

Maternal death

0

0

N/A

 

DIC

38 (29.2)

0

< 0.001

 

ICU admission

57 (43.8)

2 (0.8)

< 0.001

 

Thrombotic event

3 (2.31)

1 (0.4)

0.126

 

Paralytic ileus

8 (6.2)

1 (0.4)

< 0.001

 

Postpartum fever

22 (16.9)

2 (0.8)

< 0.001

 

Duration of hospitalization, days

9.9 ± 7.9

5.4 ± 4.1

< 0.001

 

Readmission

33 (25.4)

7 (2.7)

< 0.001

 

Future delivery at our institution

8 (6.2)

58 (22.3)

< 0.001

 
  1. Categorical variables are presented as numbers (percentages), and continuous variables are presented as mean (± standard deviation)
  2. Abbreviations: CD – Cesarean delivery; LGA – Large for gestational age; SGA – Small for gestational age; EBL – Estimated blood loss; TXA – Tranexamic acid; N/A – Not applicable; DIC – Disseminated intravascular coagulation; ICU – Intensive care unit
  3. * Study group – 145 neonates, control group – 270 neonates
  4. ** Including any of the following– intra-abdominal adhesions, uterine incision extensions, calling for assistance, and bladder injury
  5. *** Including any of the following– EBL ≥ 1000, TXA use during CD, use of a hemostatic agent, and use of a surgical suction drain
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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