From: Utilizing maternal healthcare services: are female-headed households faring poorly?
Variables | Rural (1) | Urban (2) |
---|---|---|
Sex of the household head | ||
Male (Ref) | ||
Female | 0.78* | 2.20 |
Age | 1.02*** | 1.00 |
Educational attainment | ||
No education (Ref) | ||
Primary | 0.93 | 1.23 |
Secondary | 1.15** | 1.11 |
Higher | 1.32*** | 1.20 |
Parity | 0.82*** | 0.94 |
Working status | ||
Not working (Ref) | ||
Working | 0.99 | 1.07 |
Health insurance coverage | ||
No (Ref) | ||
Yes | 1.13*** | 1.10 |
Exposure to mass media | ||
No exposure (Ref) | ||
Exposed | 1.03 | 1.10 |
Woman’s Participation Index | ||
No participation (Ref) | ||
Participates | 1.25*** | 1.26*** |
Possession of bank account | ||
No (Ref) | ||
Yes | 1.16*** | 1.24** |
Sex of the last child | ||
Male (Ref) | ||
Female | 1.07* | 1.07 |
Partner’s educational attainment | ||
No education (Ref) | ||
Primary | 1.09 | 0.95 |
Secondary | 1.10 | 1.13 |
Higher | 1.18* | 1.14 |
Partner’s age | 1.00** | 1.00 |
Religion | ||
No religion (Ref) | ||
Hindu | 0.85 | 1.65 |
Muslim | 0.88 | 1.54 |
Christian | 0.75 | 1.36 |
Sikh | 1.09 | 1.89 |
Others | 0.68 | 1.00 |
Wealth quintile | ||
Poorest (Ref) | ||
Poorer | 1.11* | 2.00*** |
Middle | 1.20*** | 2.00*** |
Richer | 1.40*** | 2.67*** |
Richest | 1.39*** | 2.97*** |
Sex of household head * wealth quintile | ||
Female* Poorest (Ref) | ||
Female * Poorer | 1.16 | 0.38 |
Female * Middle | 1.21 | 0.58 |
Female * Richer | 1.07 | 0.43 |
Female * Richest | 1.26 | 0.57 |
Relationship to the household head | ||
Head herself (Ref) | ||
Wife | 1.05 | 0.99 |
Daughter | 1.08 | 0.95 |
Daughter-in-law | 1.18 | 0.98 |
Others | 1.28* | 1.09 |
Type of health facility | ||
Any other health facility (Ref) | ||
Public | 0.87*** | 1.05 |
Private | 1.03 | 1.35*** |
Constant | 0.15*** | 0.07*** |
State dummies | Included | Included |
No. of observations | 21,154 | 5790 |