From: Utilizing maternal healthcare services: are female-headed households faring poorly?
Variables | (Model 1) | (Model 2) | (Model 3) | (Model 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex of the household head | ||||
Male (Ref) | ||||
Female | 0.90** | 0.91** | 0.79** | 0.81* |
Age | 1.03*** | 1.04*** | 1.01*** | 1.01*** |
Educational attainment | ||||
No education (Ref) | ||||
Primary | 1.19*** | 1.1 | 1.01 | 0.97 |
Secondary | 1.71*** | 1.52*** | 1.17*** | 1.13** |
Higher | 2.19*** | 1.9*** | 1.32*** | 1.25*** |
Parity | 0.76*** | 0.77*** | 0.84*** | 0.85*** |
Working status | ||||
Not working (Ref) | ||||
Working | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.01 |
Health insurance coverage | ||||
No (Ref) | ||||
Yes | 1.25*** | 1.25*** | 1.14*** | 1.12*** |
Exposure to mass media | ||||
No exposure (Ref) | ||||
Exposed | 1.27*** | 1.25*** | 1.04 | 1.04 |
Woman’s Participation Index | ||||
No participation (Ref) | ||||
Participates | 1.21*** | 1.21*** | 1.26*** | 1.25*** |
Possession of bank account | ||||
No (Ref) | ||||
Yes | 1.24*** | 1.22*** | 1.22*** | 1.18*** |
Sex of the last child | ||||
Male (Ref) | ||||
Female | 1.06* | 1.05* | 1.06** | 1.07** |
Partner’s educational attainment | ||||
No education (Ref) | ||||
Primary | 1.22*** | 1.09 | 1.07 | |
Secondary | 1.36*** | 1.14** | 1.10 | |
Higher | 1.38*** | 1.20** | 1.16* | |
Partner’s age | 1.02*** | 1.01** | 1.01** | |
Religion | ||||
No religion (Ref) | ||||
Hindu | 1.04 | 1.00 | ||
Muslim | 1.05 | 1.00 | ||
Christian | 0.87 | 0.85 | ||
Sikh | 1.29 | 1.23 | ||
Others | 0.77 | 0.73 | ||
Residence | ||||
Urban (Ref) | ||||
Rural | 0.99 | 0.97 | ||
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poorest (Ref) | ||||
Poorer | 1.21*** | 1.16*** | ||
Middle | 1.35*** | 1.25*** | ||
Richer | 1.65*** | 1.51*** | ||
Richest | 1.74*** | 1.55*** | ||
Sex of household head * wealth quintile | ||||
Female* Poorest (Ref) | ||||
Female * Poorer | 1.14 | 1.10 | ||
Female * Middle | 1.30* | 1.25 | ||
Female * Richer | 1.17 | 1.09 | ||
Female * Richest | 1.46** | 1.39** | ||
Relationship to the household head | ||||
Head herself (Ref) | ||||
Wife | 1.03 | |||
Daughter | 1.04 | |||
Daughter-in-law | 1.12 | |||
Others | 1.23 | |||
Type of health facility | ||||
Any other health facility (Ref) | ||||
Public | 0.91** | |||
Private | 1.10** | |||
Constant | 0.74*** | 0.06*** | 0.11*** | 0.14*** |
State dummies | Included | Included | ||
No. of observations | 26,944 | 26,944 | 26,944 | 26,944 |