Fig. 3

Changes in fetal cerebroplacental ratios following prenatal drug exposure. A) Cerebroplacental ratios calculated within-animal across drug groups and assessment days. CPR = [MCA VTI/ UA VTI] * 100. B) Change within-animal in cerebroplacental ratios prior to drug exposure (Gestational Day 11) and following drug exposure (Gestational Day 16). C) Gestational Day 16 images of a fetus with no drug exposure (left, yellow) and a growth-restricted fetus with alcohol + cannabinoid exposure (right, red). Waveform images demonstrate a lack of directional blood flow in alcohol + cannabinoid fetus. D) Series of Color doppler images of a drug-free control fetus (left) and a growth-restricted alcohol + cannabinoid exposed fetus (right). In the control fetus, the umbilical artery and vein run parallel to each other without overlapping. In contrast, within the alcohol + cannabinoid exposed fetus, red and blue colors overlay within the same regions (arrows), indicating a loss of directional blood flow in the umbilical artery. Abbreviations: G = Gestational Day, VTI = Velocity-Time Integral, CPR = Cerebroplacental Ratio, CON = Control, ALC = Alcohol, CB = Cannabinoid, ALC + CB = Alcohol + Cannabinoid. Symbols: Green # indicates a statistically significant change from 0. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01