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Table 4 GRADE summary findings table for delayed cord clamping outcomes

From: Umbilical cord milking and delayed cord clamping for the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcomes

№ of participants

(studies)

Follow-up

Certainty of the evidence

(GRADE)

Relative effect

(95% CI)

Anticipated absolute effects

Risk with ECC

Risk difference with DCC

Neonatal hypoglycaemia

446

(6 RCTs)

Lowa,b

RR 0.87

(0.58 to 1.30)

207 per 1,000

27 fewer per 1,000

(87 fewer to 62 more)

Length of hospital stay

2082

(16 RCTs)

Lowc,d

-

The mean length of hospital stay was 24.5 days

MD 0.19 days shorter

(0.59 lower to 9.07 higher)

Breastfeeding at discharge

1564

(5 RCTs)

Lowa,b

RR 1.04

(0.99 to 1.09)

711 per 1,000

28 more per 1,000

(7 fewer to 64 more)

NICU Admission for hypoglycaemia

344

(1 RCT)

Lowe

RR 1.95 (0.18, 21.35)

6 per 1,000

6 fewer per 1,000

(6 fewer to 6 fewer)

Severe hypoglycaemia

80

(1 RCT)

Lowe

RR 0.20 (0.01, 4.04)

50 per 1,000

50 fewer per 1,000

(50 fewer to 50 fewer)

Receipt of treatment for hypoglycaemia

80

(1 RCT)

Lowe

RR 0.14 (0.01, 2.68)

75 per 1,000

75 fewer per 1,000

(75 fewer to 75 fewer)

  1. CI confidence interval, DCC Delayed cord clamping, ECC Early cord clamping, MD mean difference, NICU Neonatal intensive care unit, RCT Randomised controlled trial, RR risk ratio
  2. Explanations
  3. aDowngraded one level for risk of bias due to moderate risk of bias for this outcome
  4. bDowngraded one level for imprecision due to wide CI and low sample size
  5. cDowngraded one level for heterogeneity (large I2 and low p-value)
  6. dDowngraded one level for imprecision due to wide CI
  7. eDowngraded two levels for imprecision due to small sample size and only one study