Table 1 Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the pregnant women and the differences in the PCS and MCS scores (n = 311)

1. Age(years)

0.79

0.43^a

 < 29

185 (59.5%)

41.5 ± 7.5

48.0 ± 9.3

 ≥ 29

126 (40.5%)

41.7 ± 7.9

47.2 ± 8.9

2. Place of residence

0.31

0.01

 Rural area

36 (11.6%)

42.5 ± 8.3

44.0 ± 10.5

 Urban area

275 (88.4%)

41.5 ± 7.6

48.2 ± 8.8

3. Educational level

0.36

0.02

 Junior high school or below

16 (5.1%)

44.7 ± 9.2

44.9 ± 13.6

 Senior high school

26 (8.4%)

42.4 ± 7.9

42.8 ± 9.2

 College

105 (33.8%)

41.4 ± 6.9

48.3 ± 8.7

 Undergraduate or above

164 (52.7%)

41.3 ± 7.9

48.4 ± 8.6

4. Occupation

0.98

0.09

 None

62 (19.9%)

41.7 ± 7.4

45.5 ± 10.0

 Knowledge worker

188 (60.5%)

41.6 ± 7.9

48.4 ± 8.5

 Physical labourer

61 (19.6%)

41.4 ± 7.2

47.7 ± 9.7

5. Family’s monthly income per capita

0.40

0.03

 ≤ 3000

36 (11.6%)

42.6 ± 7.7

44.7 ± 9.9

 > 3000

275 (88.4%)

41.5 ± 7.6

48.1 ± 9.0

6.Height

0.14

0.89

 < 162 cm

185 (59.5%)

41.1 ± 7.5

47.8 ± 9.3

 ≥ 162

126 (40.5%)

42.4 ± 7.8

47.6 ± 8.9

7. Pre-pregnancy weight

0.97

0.77

 < 50

75 (24.1%)

41.7 ± 7.4

47.5 ± 8.5

 50–60

183 (58.8%)

41.5 ± 7.7

48.0 ± 9.1

 > 60

53 (17.0%)

41.8 ± 8.0

47.0 ± 10.0

8. Gestational age

0.72

0.81

 14–27 weeks

90 (28.9%)

41.4 ± 7.2

47.5 ± 9.3

 ≥ 28 weeks

221 (71.1%)

41.7 ± 7.8

47.8 ± 9.1

9. Gravidity

0.24

0.48

 1

219 (70.4%)

41.3 ± 7.4

47.9 ± 8.9

 ≥ 2

92 (29.6%)

42.4 ± 8.1

47.1 ± 9.6

10. Planned pregnancy

0.03

0.02

 No

66 (21.2%)

43.5 ± 7.4

45.3 ± 10.0

 Yes

245 (78.8%)

41.1 ± 7.6

48.3 ± 8.8

11. Use of assisted reproductive technology

0.10

0.75

 No

214 (68.8%)

42.1 ± 8.0

47.8 ± 9.5

 Yes

97 (31.2%)

40.6 ± 6.8

47.4 ± 8.4

12. Parity

0.14

0.22

 0

200 (64.3%)

41.1 ± 7.4

48.2 ± 8.8

 ≥ 1

111 (35.7%)

42.5 ± 7.9

46.8 ± 9.6

13. History of adverse pregnancy or childbirth outcomes

0.12

0.12

 No

272 (87.5%)

41.9 ± 7.8

48.0 ± 9.2

 Yes

39 (12.5%)

39.8 ± 6.2

45.6 ± 8.3

14. Pregnancy complications

0.66

0.02

 No

296 (95.2%)

41.6 ± 7.6

48.0 ± 9.1

 Yes

15 (4.8%)

40.7 ± 7.6

42.3 ± 7.2

15. History of smoking and drinking before pregnancy

0.25

0.50

 None

301 (96.8%)

41.5 ± 7.7

47.6 ± 9.2

 Smoking and/or alcohol consumption

10 (3.2%)

43.4 ± 4.7

49.6 ± 5.5

16. Exercise before pregnancy

0.31

0.05

 < 2 h per week

138 (44.4%)

42.3 ± 8.1

46.6 ± 9.7

 2 ~ 5 h per week

117 (37.6%)

41.1 ± 6.9

47.8 ± 8.8

 > 5 h per week

56 (18.0%)

40.8 ± 8.0

50.2 ± 7.9

17. Adherence to scientific dietary recommendations

0.47

< 0.01

 No

57 (18.3%)

40.9 ± 7.4

43.3 ± 10.2

 Yes

254 (81.7%)

41.8 ± 7.7

48.7 ± 8.6

18. Sleep

0.08

< 0.01

 Poor

20 (6.4%)

43.6 ± 8.7

40.3 ± 9.4

 Ordinary

186 (59.8%)

40.8 ± 7.3

47.7 ± 9.2

 Good

105 (33.8%)

42.6 ± 7.9

49.1 ± 8.3

19. Maternal physical condition during pregnancy

< 0.01

< 0.01

 Poor

5 (1.6%)

36.2 ± 14.4

41.2 ± 7.6

 Ordinary

171 (55.0%)

39.8 ± 7.4

46.0 ± 9.6

 Good

135 (43.4%)

44.1 ± 6.9

50.0 ± 8.0

20. Occupational stress

0.01

< 0.01

 High

45 (14.5%)

39.6 ± 7.2

42.9 ± 8.9

 Ordinary

140 (45.0%)

40.9 ± 7.1

47.4 ± 8.4

 Low or none

126 (40.5%)

43.1 ± 8.1

49.7 ± 9.4