Do tuition-free lower secondary education policies matter for antenatal care among women in sub-saharan African countries?

Table 3 AME of free education policies on ANC visits

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Pooled	Liberia	Rwanda	Zambia
Exposed to free primary and lower secondary (Both)	0.189**	0.183***	0.323***	0.333***
Exposed to free primary and lower secondary (Both)	(0.095)	(0.043)	(0.061)	(0.087)
Exposed to free primary only (Primary)	0.093*	0.306**	0.116	0.163***
Exposed to free primary only (Primary)	(0.054)	(0.125)	(0.072)	(0.049)
Observations	67,738	45,376	49,078	50,478
Both – Primary	0.0960	-0.123	0.207	0.170
F-test	3.140	0.712	6.165	7.499
pval	0.0760	0.399	0.0130	0.00600
Mean outcome in pre-policy period	3.799	3.948	3.569	3.703

Notes: Treatment countries are Liberia, Rwanda, Zambia, and comparison countries are Benin, Burundi, DRC, Mozambique, Niger, Zimbabwe. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the country level. The regressions include country, birth cohort, and survey year fixed effects. We control for mothers’ age, domestic health expenditure as percent of GDP at the time of the survey, share of urban population at the time of the survey, and GDP per capita at the time of the policy. To calculate the mean number of ANC visits for women in the pre-policy period, we used the birth years before the first cohort exposed to both policies was born.

ISSN: 1471-2393