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Table 3 Logistic regression analyses of the association between phthalate metabolites in maternal urinary samples and the risk of CHDs

From: Association of maternal phthalates exposure and metabolic gene polymorphisms with congenital heart diseases: a multicenter case-control study

Elements

Concentration levels a

Controls

CHDs Cases

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)b

No. (%)

No. (%)

MiBP

First-tertile

90(33.58%)

82(33.47%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

87(32.46%)

85(34.69%)

1.07(0.70–1.64)

1.04(0.65–1.67)

 

Third-tertile

91(33.96%)

78(31.84%)

0.94(0.62–1.44)

0.87(0.54–1.41)

MnBP

First-tertile

96(35.82%)

76(31.02%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

94(35.07%)

76(31.02%)

1.02(0.67–1.57)

1.14(0.69–1.79)

 

Third-tertile

78(29.10%)

93(37.96%)

1.51(0.98–2.31)

1.48(0.92–2.38)

MBzP

First-tertile

81(30.22%)

85(34.69%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

98(36.57%)

78(31.84%)

0.76(0.50–1.16)

0.75(0.46–1.21)

 

Third-tertile

89(33.21%)

82(33.47%)

0.88(0.57–1.35)

0.93(0.58–1.51)

MEHP

First-tertile

81(30.22%)

90(36.73%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

88(32.84%)

83(33.88%)

0.85(0.56–1.30)

0.67(0.41–1.08)

 

Third-tertile

99(36.94%)

72(29.39%)

0.66(0.43-1.00)

0.63(0.39–1.02)

MEHHP

First-tertile

92(34.33%)

79(32.24%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

94(35.07%)

75(30.61%)

0.93(0.61–1.42)

0.76(0.47–1.23)

 

Third-tertile

82(30.60%)

91(37.14%)

1.29(0.85–1.97)

1.25(0.77–2.01)

MEOHP

First-tertile

93(34.7%)

77(31.43%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

90(33.58%)

85(34.69%)

1.14(0.75–1.74)

0.90(0.56–1.45)

 

Third-tertile

85(31.72%)

83(33.88%)

1.18(0.77–1.81)

1.09(0.68–1.77)

MECPP

First-tertile

94(35.07%)

76(31.02%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

86(32.09%)

85(34.69%)

1.22(0.80–1.87)

0.98(0.61–1.59)

 

Third-tertile

88(32.84%)

84(34.29%)

1.18(0.77–1.81)

1.01(0.62–1.64)

MCMHP

First-tertile

85(31.72%)

82(33.47%)

Reference

Reference

 

Second-tertile

100(37.31%)

74(30.2%)

0.77(0.50–1.18)

0.70(0.43–1.15)

 

Third-tertile

83(30.97%)

89(36.33%)

1.11(0.73–1.70)

1.12(0.69–1.81)

  1. aData were divided by overall maternal urine tertiles log10-transformed phthalate metabolites concentrations
  2. baOR, adjusted odds ratio. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs; all models were adjusted for maternal age (continuous), maternal ethnicity, maternal education level, parental smoking or ETS exposure, maternal alcohol consumption, gravidity, pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous), folic acid supplements