Table 1 Baseline characteristics of pregnant women who attended first ANC visits in Moshi municipality (N = 350)
Characteristics | Control | Intervention | Total | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (n = 175) | (n = 175) |  |  |
Socio-demographic | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal Age (in years) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 18–34 | 141 (80.6) | 154 (88.0) | 295 (84.3) | 0.056 |
 35–49 | 34 (19.4) | 21 (12.0) | 55 (15.7) |  |
  Median (IQR) |  |  | 26(23,31) |  |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Rural | 44 (25.1) | 54 (30.9) | 98 (28.0) | 0.234 |
  Urban | 131 (74.9) | 121 (69.1) | 252 (72.0) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married/cohabiting | 122 (69.7) | 142 (81.1) | 264 (75.4) | 0.013 |
 Single/separated | 53 (30.3) | 33 (18.9) | 86 (24.6) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No formal/Primary | 80 (45.7) | 90 (51.4) | 170 (48.6) | 0.042 |
  Secondary | 65 (37.2) | 44 (25.2) | 109 (31.1) |  |
  College | 30 (17.1) | 41 (23.4) | 71 (20.3) |  |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Employed | 67 (38.3) | 76 (43.4) | 143 (40.9) | 0.328 |
  Unemployed | 108 (61.7) | 99 (56.6) | 207 (59.1) |  |
Health facility | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Majengo | 118 (67.4) | 117 (66.9) | 235 (67.1) | 0.909 |
  St. Joseph | 57 (32.6) | 58 (33.) | 115 (32.9) |  |
Clinical characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Gravidity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Primigravida | 66 (37.7) | 85 (48.5) | 151 (43.2) | 0.074 |
  Multigravida | 98 (56.0) | 82 (46.9) | 180 (51.4) |  |
  Grand multigravida | 11 (6.3) | 8 (4.6) | 19 (5.4) |  |
Pregnancy type | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Planned | 79 (45.1) | 85 (48.6) | 164 (46.9) | 0.520 |
  Unplanned | 96 (54.9) | 90 (51.4) | 186(53.1) |  |
Complications in the previous pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  No | 159 (90.9) | 153(87.4) | 312 (89.1) | 0.027 |
  Yes | 16 (9.1) | 22 (12.6) | 38(10.9) |  |
HIV status(n = 348) |  |  |  |  |
  Negative | 158(90.3) | 149(86.1) | 307(88.2) | 0.229 |
  Positive | 17 (9.7) | 24 (13.9) | 41(11.8) |  |