Table 5 Association between mistreatment of women and continuum of maternity care in East Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia, 2022: A mixed-effects binary logistic regression analysis (n = 752)

A. Fixed effects

(Intercept)

0.04[0.01 – 0.19]

0.05[0.01 – 0.27]

0.00[0.00 – 0.04]

< 0.001

Any interpersonal abuse

 Not experienced

Reference

Reference

 Experienced

0.49[0.30 – 0.80]

0.49[0.29 – 0.83]

0.008

Poor rapport between woman and healthcare providers

 Not experienced

-

Reference

Reference

 Experienced

-

0.70[0.44 – 1.10]

0.67[0.42 – 1.08]

0.101

Woman’s age (years)

-

-

1.05[0.99 – 1.11]

0.098

Educational status

 Secondary school and below

-

-

Reference

 College and above

-

1.77[1.01 – 3.10]

0.046

Income

 Lowest

-

-

Reference

 Low

-

-

0.60[0.27 – 1.35]

0.220

 Middle

-

-

1.01[0.50 – 2.03]

0.991

 High

-

-

1.36[0.64 – 2.86]

0.425

Presence of complication

 No

-

-

Reference

 Yes

-

-

3.20[1.73– 5.94]

< 0.001

 Quality of antenatal care

-

-

1.25[1.03 – 1.51]

0.023

B. Random effects

 Health facilities

 Variance

1.94

2.31

1.12

-

 Intraclass correlation (ICC)

0.370

0.412

0.254

-

C. Model fitness

 AIC

557

547

521

-

 BIC

566

566

572

-

 Log-Likelihood

-276

-269

-250

-

 Deviance

553

539

499

-

 P-value

-

0.002

< 0.001

-