Risk factors associated with adverse perinatal outcome in planned vaginal breech labors at term: a retrospective population-based case-control study

Table 2 Factors associated with adverse perinatal outcome in planned vaginal breech delivery

All vaginal deliveries and emergency breech cesarean sections at term (2005–2014)	Adverse outcome^a N = 73		Normal outcome N = 4732
	N/mean	%/SD	N/mean	%/SD	P value	OR 95% CI	aOR 95% CI
Nulliparous
Maternal age in years mean + SD	30.3	5.0	30.1	5.1	0.740
BMI ≥ 30	9	10.7	233	7.7	0.303	1.45 (0.71–2.92)
Smoking	16	19.0	421	13.9	0.176	1.46 (0.84–2.55)
Diabetes mellitus type I	1	1.2	6	0.2	0.058	6.09 (0.73–51.16)
Diabetes mellitus type II	0		6	0.2
Preeclampsia	2	2.4	74	2.4	0.975	0.98 (0.24–4.05)
Gestational age at delivery mean + SD	39.7	1.1	39.6	1.2	0.433
Gestational diabetes	14	6.7	197	6.5	<0.001	2.89 (1.60–5.21)	2.89 (1.54–5.40)^b
Fetal growth restriction^c	7	8.3	87	2.9	0.004	3.09 (1.38–6.88)	2.94 (1.30–6.67)^b
Assisted reproduction technology	3	3.6	50	1.6	0.178	2.21 (0.68–7.25)
History of cesarean section	8	9.5	139	4.6	0.035	2.20 (1.04–4.64)	2.94 (1.28–6.77)^b
Oligohydramnios	5	6.0	57	1.9	0.008	3.31 (1.29–8.49)	2.94 (1.15–7.81)^b
Epidural anesthesia	65	77.4	1739	57.2	<0.001	2.56 (1.53–4.29)	2.20 (1.29–3.75)^b
Post term pregnancies > 40	10	11.9	418	13.8	0.627	0.85 (0.43–165)
Birth weight in grams	3293	431	3341	416	0.311
Neonatal sex (male)	37	44.0	1367	45.0	0.865	0.96 (0.62–14.49)
Uterus rupture	1	1.4	3	0.1	<0.001	21.89 (2.25–213.01)	NA^d
Macrosomia (birth weight >4500 g)	4	5.5	428	9.0	0.291	0.58 (0.21–1.61)

^aEarly neonatal mortality <7d, umbilical arterial pH < 7.00, 5 min Apgar score < 4
^bAdjusted for nulliparous; gestational diabetes; fetal growth restriction (<−2SD); history of cesarean section; oligohydramnios; epidural anesthesia
^cFetal growth restriction defined as birth weight < 2SD
^d NA Not available

ISSN: 1471-2393