All | Planned pregnancy | Unplanned Pregnancy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Happy | Ambiv. | Unhappy | |||
N | 12,462 | 8,119 | 4,343 | 3087 | 475 | 781 |
(weighted %) | (100) | (67.2) | (32.8) | (23.3) | (3.5) | (6.0) |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age (yrs), mean (SD) | 30.5 (5.3) | 31.1 (4.7) | 29.3 (6.0)*** | 29.2 (6.0)*** | 28.9 (6.3)*** | 30.0 (6.0)*** |
Ethnicity (BME) | 8.6 | 7.3 | 11.2*** | 10.9**** | 14.1**** | 10.6** |
Socioeconomic status | **** | **** | **** | **** | ||
Managerial/professional | 54.3 | 60.2 | 42.3 | 43.7 | 33.2 | 42.3 |
Intermediate | 20.9 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 22.7 | 25.4 | 20.9 |
Routine/Manual | 22.9 | 18.1 | 32.5 | 31.3 | 38.6 | 33.7 |
Long-term unempl/never | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.1 |
Education | **** | **** | **** | **** | ||
High (NVQ 4 + 5) | 39.3 | 43.8 | 30.0 | 31.6 | 22.5 | 28.2 |
Medium (NVQ 3) | 15.0 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 13.8 |
Low (NVQ1 + 2) | 36.5 | 34.5 | 40.5 | 38.6 | 45.9 | 44.8 |
Other/none of the above | 9.2 | 7.0 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 17.0 | 13.2 |
Pregnancy-related factors | ||||||
First child | 40.3 | 41.2 | 38.5** | 43.7 | 28.8**** | 24.1**** |
Gestation at confirmation of pregnancy, mean (SD) | 7.1 (3.2) | 6.7 (2.7) | 7.8 (3.9)**** | 7.8 (3.7)**** | 8.7 (4.7)**** | 8.3 (4.2)**** |
Preterm birth | 7.1 | 6.6 | 8.1** | 7.9* | 8.3 | 8.8 |
Multiple birth | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.2* | 1.1* | 1.3 | 1.5 |
Type of delivery | **** | * | **** | **** | ||
Normal vaginal | 66.0 | 64.3 | 69.6 | 67.3 | 76.5 | 74.3 |
Instrumental | 11.1 | 12.1 | 9.1 | 10.0 | 8.5 | 5.9 |
Planned section | 10.0 | 10.4 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 5.9 | 10.1 |
Emergency section | 12.8 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 13.3 | 9.1 | 9.8 |
Smoking in pregnancy | **** | **** | **** | **** | ||
None | 71.4 | 76.4 | 61.1 | 63.1 | 54.6 | 57.3 |
Gave up | 12.6 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 14.8 |
Kept smoking | 16.0 | 12.4 | 23.4 | 21.1 | 30.6 | 28.0 |
Partnership characteristics | ||||||
Relationship quality (mean GRIMS, SD): higher is better | 28.0 (4.6) | 28.4 (4.4) | 27.3 (4.8)*** | 27.7 (4.7)*** | 26.5 (4.9) *** | 26.0 (5.2) *** |
Marital status (% married) | 72.9 | 80.4 | 57.7**** | 58.8*** | 49.2*** | 58.2*** |
Social support | ||||||
“No-one to share my feelings with”, % agree | 5.3 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 10.2 | 10.0 |
“I have other parents I can talk to”, % disagree | 9.3 | 8.1 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 14.5 | 14.2 |
“My family would help, if they could”, % disagree | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 11.2 |
Limited social contact - Sees friends or family < weekly | 8.7 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 12.1** |
Psychological Distress, modified Malaise Inventory score ≥4 | ||||||
Yes | 11.6 | 9.6 | 15.6**** | 13.0**** | 21.4**** | 22.4**** |