Table 6 Targeted ‘higher risk’-based model (67 studies and 6 systematic reviews)
Category | Description/details | Principal paper from RCT First author; year; [country of study]; * indicates sibling paper(s) – see relevant reference list; (SR1 etc. if included in a related systematic review) | Systematic Reviews associated with this this category |
|---|---|---|---|
‘Higher risk’ target groups (based on clinical/psychosocial indicators) | |||
 Interventions for women with various or multiple risks   (n = 9 principal papers, 3 sibling papers and 3 SRs)   (see Additional file 1 reference list T6-1) | Generally involving augmented targeted care with a risk reduction focus [Higher risks not always well specified] | Brooten 2001 [USA] (SR20) Dawson 1989 [UK – Wales] * (SR20) Dawson 1999 [UK – Wales] (SR20) El Mohandes 2011 [USA] Kemp 2011 [Australia] * Klerman 2001 [USA] (SR20) Lee 2009 [USA] Turnbull 2004 [Australia] * (SR19) Villar 1992 [Argentina, Cuba, Mexico] (SR18,20) | 17 Blondel & Breart 1992 - Home visiting for pregnancy complications 18 Blondel & Breart 1995 - Social or medical care for high risk women 19 Dowswell et al. 2009 - Care for women with complicated pregnancy (antenatal day care versus hospitalisation) |
 Interventions for women at risk of preterm birth or having a low birthweight (LBW) baby   (n = 10 principal papers, 1 sibling paper and 1 SR)   (see Additional file 1 reference list T6-2) | Interventions aimed at prevention of preterm birth or lbw baby | Bryce 1991 [Australia] (SR18) Depp 1993 [USA] Heins 1990 [USA] (SR20) Langer 1993 [Latin America] * Lutenbacher 2014 [USA] Mueller-Heubach 1989 [USA] Muender 2000 [USA] Norbeck 1996 [USA] (SR12,20) Oakley 1990 [UK – England] (SR12,18,20) Ross 1994 [USA] | 20 Hodnett et al. 2010 - support for women at risk of LBW baby |
 Interventions for women who smoke   (n = 9 principal papers and 1 sibling paper)   (see Additional file 1 reference list T6-3) | Various approaches (individualised social support; group evening class; computer-delivered; telephone support; health practice population screening) aimed at encouraging smoking cessation | Bullock 2009 [USA] O’Connor 1992 [[Canada] Ondersma 2012 [USA] Parker 2007 [USA] Pbert 2004 [USA] Petersen 1992 [USA] Ruger 2009 [USA] Secker-Walker 1998 [USA] * Tappin 2000 [UK – Scotland]] | N/A |
 Interventions for women with anxiety or mental health issues   (n = 9 principal papers)   (see Additional file 1 reference list T6-4) | Studies involving additional support (e.g. home visits, relaxation classes, cognitive behavioural interventions) | Bastani 2006 [Iran] Brugha 2000 [UK - England] Guardino 2014 [USA] Ortiz Collado 2014 [Spain, France] Petrou 2006 [UK - England] Rahman 2008 [Pakistan] Richter 2012 [Germany] Saisto 2001 [Finland] Webster 2003 [Australia] | N/A |
 Interventions for overweight/obese women and/or women at risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus   (n = 5 principal papers) (see Additional file 1 reference list T6-5) | Interventions to assist lifestyle behaviour change (e.g. exercise, telemedicine) | Harrison 2013 [Australia] Oostdam 2012 [Netherlands] (SR13) Perez Ferre 2010 [Spain] Poston 2013 [UK – Scotland & England] Quinlivan 2011 [Australia] (SR15) | N/A |
Other ‘higher risk’ clinical/psychosocial target groups (see Additional file 1 Reference list T6-6) | |||
 Interventions for women/babies at risk of abuse   (n = 3 principal papers) | Interventions for those at risk of abuse | Barlow 2007 [UK – England] McIntosh 2009 [UK – England] Taft 2011 [Australia] |  |
 Interventions for women with alcohol risk   (n = 2 principal papers and 1 SR) | Brief alcohol counselling interventions for women identified as having a previous or current alcohol risk | O’Connor 2007 [USA] Osterman 2012 [USA] | 21 Turnbull et al. 2012 |
 Interventions for women with history of previous caesarean   (n = 1 principal paper) | Antenatal education and support relating to vaginal birth. | Fraser 1997 [Canada, USA] | N/A |
 Interventions for women with HIV   (n = 1 principal paper) | Telephone support intervention for pregnant women with HIV-positive status | Ross 2013 [Thailand] | N/A |
 Interventions for women with twin pregnancy   (n = 1 principal paper and 1 sibling paper) | Preparation for twin birth programme | Sen 2006 [UK – England] * | N/A |
‘Higher risk’ socio-demographic target groups (see Additional file 1 Reference list T6-7) | |||
 Interventions for adolescent/younger age women   (n = 8 principal papers and 2 sibling papers) | Additional support (e.g. home visits, education) to improve outcomes for ‘at risk’ group | Aracena 2009 [Chile] Barlow A 2006 [USA] Barlow A 2013 [USA] Barlow J 2007 [USA] Barnet 2002 [USA] Barnet 2007 [USA] Ford 2002 [USA] Ickovics 2007 [USA] ** (SR6) | 22 Barlow J et al. 2011 |
 Interventions for low income women   (n = 6 principal papers and 5 sibling papers) | Community support interventions | Edwards 2013 [USA] McLachlan 1992 [USA] (SR20) Olds 1986 [USA] **** (SR18,20) Polley 2002 [USA] (SR15) Roman 2009 [USA] * Wen 2011 [Australia] | N/A |
 Interventions for women in the military/Military wives   (n = 3 principal papers) | Interventions for military women or partners of military personnel to support adaptation to motherhood | Fausett 2014 [USA] Kennedy 2011 [USA] (SR6) Weis 2012 [USA] | N/A |