Panel A. Participant demographic and household characteristics | |||||||||
 |  | Standard of care | CHW call | CHW visit | p-values | ||||
 |  | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | CHW call vs. Standard of care | CHW visit vs. Standard of care |
Women | |||||||||
Age | 31 | 26.7 | 40 | 25.6 | 31 | 25.9 | 0.23 | 0.38 | |
Education | |||||||||
 | Primary | 4 | 14 % | 8 | 21 % | 4 | 15 % | 0.59 | 0.49 |
 | Secondary | 15 | 52 % | 18 | 47 % | 16 | 59 % | ||
 | Post-Secondary | 10 | 35 % | 12 | 32 % | 7 | 26 % | ||
 | n | 19 |  | 38 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Marital Status | |||||||||
 | Married | 30 | 97 % | 35 | 85 % | 30 | 97 % | 0.08 | >0.99 |
 | Single | 1 | 3 % | 6 | 15 % | 1 | 3 % | ||
 | n | 31 |  | 41 |  | 31 |  |  |  |
Parity | |||||||||
 | Primiparous | 9 | 29 % | 8 | 20 % | 9 | 30 % | 0.36 | 0.94 |
 | Multiparous | 22 | 71 % | 33 | 81 % | 21 | 70 % | ||
 | n | 31 |  | 41 |  | 31 |  |  |  |
Employed in Past 12 Months | 16 | 70Â % | 21 | 66Â % | 11 | 41Â % | 0.76 | 0.04 | |
 | n | 23 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Assigned to postnatal contraception subsidy treatment through concurrent randomized trial | 6 | 19Â % | 14 | 34Â % | 7 | 22Â % | 0.16 | 0.81 | |
 | n | 31 |  | 41 |  | 32 |  |  |  |
Husband | |||||||||
Husband Education | |||||||||
 | Primary | 0 | 0 % | 4 | 14 % | 2 | 8 % | 0.12 | 0.11 |
 | Secondary | 15 | 65 % | 13 | 45 % | 10 | 39 % | ||
 | Post-Secondary | 8 | 35 % | 12 | 41 % | 14 | 54 % | ||
 | n | 23 |  | 29 |  | 26 |  |  |  |
Household | |||||||||
Improved toilet facility | 24 | 92Â % | 34 | 97Â % | 24 | 86Â % | 0.43 | 0.45 | |
 | n | 26 |  | 35 |  | 28 |  |  |  |
Toilet shared among more than one house | 9 | 39Â % | 15 | 47Â % | 10 | 39Â % | 0.58 | 0.96 | |
 | n | 23 |  | 32 |  | 26 |  |  |  |
Improved drinking water source | 18 | 90Â % | 27 | 96Â % | 23 | 92Â % | 0.41 | 0.82 | |
 | n | 20 |  | 28 |  | 25 |  |  |  |
Panel B. Primary outcomes | |||||||||
 |  | Standard of Care | CHW call | CHW visit | p-values | ||||
 |  | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | n | % / mean | CHW call vs. Standard of care | CHW visit vs. Standard of care |
Complications detected and referred, collected through programmatic CHW data | |||||||||
Maternal or newborn complications detected and referred by CHW | Â | Â | 4 | 10Â % | 3 | 9Â % | Â | Â | |
 | n |  |  | 41 |  | 32 |  |  |  |
Postpartum care-seeking practices for mother and newborn, reported during day 10 survey | |||||||||
Referrals made and acted upon | Â | Â | 1 | 4Â % | 2 | 11Â % | Â | Â | |
 | n |  |  | 23 |  | 18 |  |  |  |
Facility-based maternal postpartum care sought | 2 | 8Â % | 4 | 13Â % | 6 | 22Â % | 0.62 | 0.17 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Days postpartum maternal care sought, among maternal care-seekers | 2 | 8.5 | 4 | 7.5 | 6 | 5.8 | 0.57 | 0.09 | |
Facility-based newborn postpartum care sought | 23 | 96Â % | 30 | 94Â % | 26 | 96Â % | 0.73 | 0.93 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Days postpartum newborn care sought, among newborn care-seekers | 23 | 5.9 | 30 | 3.8 | 26 | 4.1 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
Postnatal health problems and responses at day 10 post-delivery | |||||||||
Any maternal health problem reported | 3 | 13Â % | 2 | 6Â % | 9 | 33Â % | 0.48 | 0.08 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Maternal problem reported and action taken | 2 | 8Â % | 2 | 6Â % | 3 | 11Â % | 0.77 | 0.74 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Any newborn health problem reported | 5 | 21Â % | 8 | 25Â % | 13 | 48Â % | 0.72 | 0.04 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Newborn problem reported and action taken | 3 | 13Â % | 5 | 16Â % | 8 | 30Â % | 0.74 | 0.14 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Self-reported knowledge of postnatal danger signs and health practices at day 10 | |||||||||
Number of maternal danger signs named | 24 | 3.8 | 32 | 4.1 | 27 | 4.3 | 0.46 | 0.23 | |
Can name 3 or more maternal danger signs | 19 | 79Â % | 26 | 81Â % | 23 | 85Â % | 0.85 | 0.56 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Number of newborn danger signs named | 24 | 3.3 | 32 | 3.7 | 27 | 3.6 | 0.41 | 0.47 | |
Can name 3 or more newborn danger signs | 19 | 79Â % | 26 | 81Â % | 23 | 85Â % | 0.36 | 0.13 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Can name 2 or more hand washing best practices | 10 | 42Â % | 19 | 59Â % | 10 | 37Â % | 0.20 | 0.74 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Can name 2 or more cord care practices | 7 | 29Â % | 13 | 41Â % | 5 | 19Â % | 0.38 | 0.39 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Can name 3 or more newborn thermal care practices | 7 | 29Â % | 11 | 34Â % | 8 | 30Â % | 0.68 | 0.97 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Can name 3 or more sources of dietary protein | 7 | 29Â % | 12 | 38Â % | 11 | 41Â % | 0.52 | 0.40 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Self-reported postnatal health practices at day 10 | |||||||||
Applied water or nothing to umbilical stump | 17 | 71Â % | 26 | 81Â % | 23 | 85Â % | 0.38 | 0.23 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Appropriate newborn thermal care practiced | 17 | 71Â % | 26 | 81Â % | 23 | 85Â % | 0.84 | 0.93 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Exclusive breastfeeding | 24 | 100Â % | 32 | 100Â % | 27 | 100Â % | -- | -- | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Breastfed 3 or more times in past 8Â hours | 23 | 96Â % | 27 | 84Â % | 25 | 93Â % | 0.14 | 0.63 | |
 | n | 24 |  | 32 |  | 27 |  |  |  |
Self-reported postnatal health practices at 9Â weeks post-delivery | |||||||||
At least 1 dose of polio and pentavalent vaccines | 15 | 88Â % | 22 | 96Â % | 18 | 95Â % | 0.43 | 0.50 | |
 | n | 17 |  | 23 |  | 19 |  |  |  |
Use of family planning method | 5 | 29Â % | 14 | 61Â % | 8 | 42Â % | 0.05 | 0.44 | |
 | n | 17 |  | 23 |  | 19 |  |  |  |
Exclusive breastfeeding | 17 | 100Â % | 21 | 91Â % | 19 | 100Â % | 0.16 | -- | |
 | n | 17 |  | 23 |  | 19 |  |  |  |
Breastfed 3 or more times in past 8Â hours | 15 | 88Â % | 22 | 96Â % | 18 | 95Â % | 0.43 | 0.50 | |
 | n | 17 |  | 23 |  | 19 |  |  |  |
Indices of postnatal health knowledge and practices at 10Â days and 9Â weeks post-delivery | |||||||||
Index of health knowledge at 10Â days post-delivery | 24 | 3.17 | 32 | 3.56 | 27 | 3.15 | 0.37 | 0.96 | |
Index of health practices at 10Â days and 9Â weeks post-delivery | 15 | 6.6 | 20 | 7.1 | 17 | 7.2 | 0.16 | 0.06 |